Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels
The search for economic alternatives in the use of expensive scientific equipment represents a way of providing many laboratories access to scientific developments that, otherwise, might be hampered by economic constraints. This inspired the purpose of this work, which was to demonstrate for the fir...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Gels |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/12/800 |
| _version_ | 1797458030993866752 |
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| author | Paola Domínguez Domínguez Sebastian Bonardd Samuel Martín Koury Raúl Pérez-Ruiz M. Consuelo Jiménez David Díaz Díaz |
| author_facet | Paola Domínguez Domínguez Sebastian Bonardd Samuel Martín Koury Raúl Pérez-Ruiz M. Consuelo Jiménez David Díaz Díaz |
| author_sort | Paola Domínguez Domínguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The search for economic alternatives in the use of expensive scientific equipment represents a way of providing many laboratories access to scientific developments that, otherwise, might be hampered by economic constraints. This inspired the purpose of this work, which was to demonstrate for the first time that we can carry out the photoreduction of aryl halides via green-to-blue upconversion in an aerated gel medium, using a simple economic set-up based on easily accessible and low-cost laser pointers. The optimized set-up consists of three laser pointers connected to a switching-mode power supply. One laser should be aligned to <i>Z</i>-axis and separated 5 cm from the sample, while the light incidence of the other two lasers should be adjusted to 45° and separated ca. 3 cm from the sample. The results of this study were found to be reproducible in random experiments and demonstrated that the photoreduction of several aryl halides can be carry out within 24 h of irradiation with comparable yields and mass balances, to those obtained with other very expensive pulsed laser sources. An economic estimation of the expenses concludes that we can easily reduce by >98% the total cost of this type of research by using the described set-up. Our work offers many groups with limited resources a feasible alternative to work in this area without the necessity of extremely expensive devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:31:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4055799dde9b400ea638e7602f67b823 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:31:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-4055799dde9b400ea638e7602f67b8232023-11-24T15:01:16ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612022-12-0181280010.3390/gels8120800Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated GelsPaola Domínguez Domínguez0Sebastian Bonardd1Samuel Martín Koury2Raúl Pérez-Ruiz3M. Consuelo Jiménez4David Díaz Díaz5Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, SpainDepartamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, SpainThe search for economic alternatives in the use of expensive scientific equipment represents a way of providing many laboratories access to scientific developments that, otherwise, might be hampered by economic constraints. This inspired the purpose of this work, which was to demonstrate for the first time that we can carry out the photoreduction of aryl halides via green-to-blue upconversion in an aerated gel medium, using a simple economic set-up based on easily accessible and low-cost laser pointers. The optimized set-up consists of three laser pointers connected to a switching-mode power supply. One laser should be aligned to <i>Z</i>-axis and separated 5 cm from the sample, while the light incidence of the other two lasers should be adjusted to 45° and separated ca. 3 cm from the sample. The results of this study were found to be reproducible in random experiments and demonstrated that the photoreduction of several aryl halides can be carry out within 24 h of irradiation with comparable yields and mass balances, to those obtained with other very expensive pulsed laser sources. An economic estimation of the expenses concludes that we can easily reduce by >98% the total cost of this type of research by using the described set-up. Our work offers many groups with limited resources a feasible alternative to work in this area without the necessity of extremely expensive devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/12/800laser pointerphotoreductiongelsaryl halidestriplet-triplet annihilation upconversionaerobic conditions |
| spellingShingle | Paola Domínguez Domínguez Sebastian Bonardd Samuel Martín Koury Raúl Pérez-Ruiz M. Consuelo Jiménez David Díaz Díaz Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels Gels laser pointer photoreduction gels aryl halides triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion aerobic conditions |
| title | Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels |
| title_full | Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels |
| title_fullStr | Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels |
| title_short | Accessible Low-Cost Laser Pointers for the Reduction of Aryl Halides via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Aerated Gels |
| title_sort | accessible low cost laser pointers for the reduction of aryl halides via triplet triplet annihilation upconversion in aerated gels |
| topic | laser pointer photoreduction gels aryl halides triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion aerobic conditions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/12/800 |
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