Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China
This study implemented a stable Regional Reference Frame in Shanghai, East China (called SHRRF), using seven years of continuous GNSS observations from the Shanghai Continuously Operating Reference System stations (SHCORS) to examine reclaimed coast–land subsidence. A well−distributed core station n...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3984 |
| _version_ | 1797442290482937856 |
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| author | Yu Peng Danan Dong Wen Chen Chenglong Zhang |
| author_facet | Yu Peng Danan Dong Wen Chen Chenglong Zhang |
| author_sort | Yu Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study implemented a stable Regional Reference Frame in Shanghai, East China (called SHRRF), using seven years of continuous GNSS observations from the Shanghai Continuously Operating Reference System stations (SHCORS) to examine reclaimed coast–land subsidence. A well−distributed core station network suitable for regional applications was derived. The instantaneous station coordinates and seven frame parameters (translations, rotations, and scale) were estimated at each epoch through minimum constraint during the process of aligning SHRRF to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF14). The average root mean square error (RMSE) of all stations under SHRRF was within 1.5 mm horizontally and 5 mm vertically for most epochs. Simultaneously, compared with the ITRF14 solutions, the average RMSE for each site at all epochs was reduced by ~30% horizontally and ~10% vertically. A temporal consolidation settlement model of the reclaimed soil under self−weight was established by combining a geotechnical−derived model with high precision permanent GNSS vertical solutions under SHRRF. The model indicates that ~50% of settlements occurred within 3.6 years, with the whole subsidence time being 46 years. SHRRF provides a precise regional reference frame for use in many East China geophysical applications besides reclaimed coast–land settlement including hydrologic loading, microplate motions, and critical structure deformation monitoring. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:39:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4058e9f0e463400fb172d1de02591e39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:39:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-4058e9f0e463400fb172d1de02591e392023-11-30T22:19:44ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-08-011416398410.3390/rs14163984Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East ChinaYu Peng0Danan Dong1Wen Chen2Chenglong Zhang3Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, ChinaThis study implemented a stable Regional Reference Frame in Shanghai, East China (called SHRRF), using seven years of continuous GNSS observations from the Shanghai Continuously Operating Reference System stations (SHCORS) to examine reclaimed coast–land subsidence. A well−distributed core station network suitable for regional applications was derived. The instantaneous station coordinates and seven frame parameters (translations, rotations, and scale) were estimated at each epoch through minimum constraint during the process of aligning SHRRF to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF14). The average root mean square error (RMSE) of all stations under SHRRF was within 1.5 mm horizontally and 5 mm vertically for most epochs. Simultaneously, compared with the ITRF14 solutions, the average RMSE for each site at all epochs was reduced by ~30% horizontally and ~10% vertically. A temporal consolidation settlement model of the reclaimed soil under self−weight was established by combining a geotechnical−derived model with high precision permanent GNSS vertical solutions under SHRRF. The model indicates that ~50% of settlements occurred within 3.6 years, with the whole subsidence time being 46 years. SHRRF provides a precise regional reference frame for use in many East China geophysical applications besides reclaimed coast–land settlement including hydrologic loading, microplate motions, and critical structure deformation monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3984ITRF14regional reference frameHelmert transformationminimum constraintreclaimed land subsidence |
| spellingShingle | Yu Peng Danan Dong Wen Chen Chenglong Zhang Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China Remote Sensing ITRF14 regional reference frame Helmert transformation minimum constraint reclaimed land subsidence |
| title | Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China |
| title_full | Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China |
| title_fullStr | Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China |
| title_short | Stable Regional Reference Frame for Reclaimed Land Subsidence Study in East China |
| title_sort | stable regional reference frame for reclaimed land subsidence study in east china |
| topic | ITRF14 regional reference frame Helmert transformation minimum constraint reclaimed land subsidence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3984 |
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