An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior
This paper focuses on an in situ interfacial polymerization modification of polyamide thin film composite membranes with acrylic acid (AA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Consequent to this modification, the modified polyamide thin film composite (PA–TFC) membranes exhibited enhanced water perme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/12/910 |
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| author | Kgolofelo I. Malatjie Bhekani S. Mbuli Richard M. Moutloali Catherine J. Ngila |
| author_facet | Kgolofelo I. Malatjie Bhekani S. Mbuli Richard M. Moutloali Catherine J. Ngila |
| author_sort | Kgolofelo I. Malatjie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper focuses on an in situ interfacial polymerization modification of polyamide thin film composite membranes with acrylic acid (AA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Consequent to this modification, the modified polyamide thin film composite (PA–TFC) membranes exhibited enhanced water permeability and Pb (II) heavy metal rejection. For example, the 0.50:1.50% ZnO/AA modified membranes showed water permeability of 29.85 ± 0.06 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup> (pH 3), 4.16 ± 0.39 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup> (pH 7), and 2.80 ± 0.21 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup> <sup>1</sup> (pH 11). This demonstrated enhanced pH responsive properties, and improved water permeability properties against unmodified membranes (2.29 ± 0.59 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, 1.79 ± 0.27 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.90 ± 0.21 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). Furthermore, the rejection of Pb (II) ions by the modified PA–TFC membranes was found to be 16.11 ± 0.12% (pH 3), 30.58 ± 0.33% (pH 7), and 96.67 ± 0.09% (pH 11). Additionally, the membranes modified with AA and ZnO/AA demonstrated a significant pH responsiveness compared to membranes modified with only ZnO nanoparticles and unmodified membranes. As such, this demonstrated the swelling behavior due to the inherent “gate effect” of the modified membranes. This was illustrated by the rejection and water permeation behavior, hydrophilic properties, and ion exchange capacity of the modified membranes. The pH responsiveness for the modified membranes was due to the –COOH and –OH functional groups introduced by the AA hydrogel and ZnO nanoparticles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:35:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-405a5ae134aa4d4486228625a27694eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:35:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-405a5ae134aa4d4486228625a27694eb2023-11-23T09:29:46ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-11-01111291010.3390/membranes11120910An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive BehaviorKgolofelo I. Malatjie0Bhekani S. Mbuli1Richard M. Moutloali2Catherine J. Ngila3Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaThis paper focuses on an in situ interfacial polymerization modification of polyamide thin film composite membranes with acrylic acid (AA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Consequent to this modification, the modified polyamide thin film composite (PA–TFC) membranes exhibited enhanced water permeability and Pb (II) heavy metal rejection. For example, the 0.50:1.50% ZnO/AA modified membranes showed water permeability of 29.85 ± 0.06 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup> (pH 3), 4.16 ± 0.39 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup> (pH 7), and 2.80 ± 0.21 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup> <sup>1</sup> (pH 11). This demonstrated enhanced pH responsive properties, and improved water permeability properties against unmodified membranes (2.29 ± 0.59 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, 1.79 ± 0.27 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.90 ± 0.21 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). Furthermore, the rejection of Pb (II) ions by the modified PA–TFC membranes was found to be 16.11 ± 0.12% (pH 3), 30.58 ± 0.33% (pH 7), and 96.67 ± 0.09% (pH 11). Additionally, the membranes modified with AA and ZnO/AA demonstrated a significant pH responsiveness compared to membranes modified with only ZnO nanoparticles and unmodified membranes. As such, this demonstrated the swelling behavior due to the inherent “gate effect” of the modified membranes. This was illustrated by the rejection and water permeation behavior, hydrophilic properties, and ion exchange capacity of the modified membranes. The pH responsiveness for the modified membranes was due to the –COOH and –OH functional groups introduced by the AA hydrogel and ZnO nanoparticles.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/12/910polyamideinterfacial polymerizationacrylic acidzinc oxidethin film |
| spellingShingle | Kgolofelo I. Malatjie Bhekani S. Mbuli Richard M. Moutloali Catherine J. Ngila An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior Membranes polyamide interfacial polymerization acrylic acid zinc oxide thin film |
| title | An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior |
| title_full | An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior |
| title_fullStr | An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior |
| title_short | An In Situ Incorporation of Acrylic Acid and ZnO Nanoparticles into Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Their Effect on Membrane pH Responsive Behavior |
| title_sort | in situ incorporation of acrylic acid and zno nanoparticles into polyamide thin film composite membranes for their effect on membrane ph responsive behavior |
| topic | polyamide interfacial polymerization acrylic acid zinc oxide thin film |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/12/910 |
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