Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure
The amount of cattle manure generated accounts for over 40% of the livestock manure in South Korea. Most livestock manure is utilized as a fertilizer and a soil amendment. However, the soil nutrients have exceeded saturation in South Korea. Accordingly, cattle manure, including lignocellulosic bioma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3265 |
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| author | Eunhye Song Ho Kim Kyung Woo Kim Young-Man Yoon |
| author_facet | Eunhye Song Ho Kim Kyung Woo Kim Young-Man Yoon |
| author_sort | Eunhye Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The amount of cattle manure generated accounts for over 40% of the livestock manure in South Korea. Most livestock manure is utilized as a fertilizer and a soil amendment. However, the soil nutrients have exceeded saturation in South Korea. Accordingly, cattle manure, including lignocellulosic biomass, was applied for solid fuel production in this study. The three different types of carbonization process, namely, hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, and carbonization (slow pyrolysis), were estimated for a comparison of the hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar characteristics derived from cattle manure. The processes were performed at temperatures ranging from 190 to 450 °C. The evaluation of the hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar produced by three processes was conducted by the proximate, ultimate, calorific value, fuel ratio, and energy yield, which were used for the analysis of fuel quality. Additionally, the ash properties, including silicon dioxide, chlorine, and base-to-acid ratio (B/A) on hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar were investigated to predict ash deposition during combustion. These analyses are essential to stabilize the operation of the combustion chamber. The thermogravimetric analysis represented the upgraded quality of hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar by three different carbonization processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-406af0fc3afa408e91d19e60c3fa4a55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-406af0fc3afa408e91d19e60c3fa4a552023-11-17T16:39:38ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-04-01167326510.3390/en16073265Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle ManureEunhye Song0Ho Kim1Kyung Woo Kim2Young-Man Yoon3Bio Resource Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of KoreaBio Resource Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of KoreaBio Resource Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of KoreaBiogas Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of KoreaThe amount of cattle manure generated accounts for over 40% of the livestock manure in South Korea. Most livestock manure is utilized as a fertilizer and a soil amendment. However, the soil nutrients have exceeded saturation in South Korea. Accordingly, cattle manure, including lignocellulosic biomass, was applied for solid fuel production in this study. The three different types of carbonization process, namely, hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, and carbonization (slow pyrolysis), were estimated for a comparison of the hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar characteristics derived from cattle manure. The processes were performed at temperatures ranging from 190 to 450 °C. The evaluation of the hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar produced by three processes was conducted by the proximate, ultimate, calorific value, fuel ratio, and energy yield, which were used for the analysis of fuel quality. Additionally, the ash properties, including silicon dioxide, chlorine, and base-to-acid ratio (B/A) on hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar were investigated to predict ash deposition during combustion. These analyses are essential to stabilize the operation of the combustion chamber. The thermogravimetric analysis represented the upgraded quality of hydrochar, torrefied char, and biochar by three different carbonization processes.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3265cattle manurehydrochartorrefied charbiocharhydrothermal carbonizationtorrefaction |
| spellingShingle | Eunhye Song Ho Kim Kyung Woo Kim Young-Man Yoon Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure Energies cattle manure hydrochar torrefied char biochar hydrothermal carbonization torrefaction |
| title | Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure |
| title_full | Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure |
| title_fullStr | Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure |
| title_short | Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure |
| title_sort | characteristic evaluation of different carbonization processes for hydrochar torrefied char and biochar produced from cattle manure |
| topic | cattle manure hydrochar torrefied char biochar hydrothermal carbonization torrefaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3265 |
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