Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract
Abstract Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection continues to rise globally in humans and animals with high socioeconomic and public health challenges. Current medications used against T. gondii infection are limited in efficacy, safety, and affordability. This research was conducted to assess the h...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35676-6 |
| _version_ | 1797811535635021824 |
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| author | Homa Nath Sharma Jonathan Catrett Ogechi Destiny Nwokeocha Melissa Boersma Michael E. Miller Audrey Napier Boakai K. Robertson Daniel A. Abugri |
| author_facet | Homa Nath Sharma Jonathan Catrett Ogechi Destiny Nwokeocha Melissa Boersma Michael E. Miller Audrey Napier Boakai K. Robertson Daniel A. Abugri |
| author_sort | Homa Nath Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection continues to rise globally in humans and animals with high socioeconomic and public health challenges. Current medications used against T. gondii infection are limited in efficacy, safety, and affordability. This research was conducted to assess the higher fungi extract effect on T. gondii tachyzoites growth in vitro and possibly decipher its mechanism of action. Furthermore, we evaluated the extract's effect on human foreskin fibroblast viability. The methanol extracts of Turkey tail (TT) mushroom was tested against T. gondii tachyzoites growth using an RH-RFP type I strain that expresses red fluorescent protein throughout culture in a dose-dependent manner using a fluorescent plate reader. Similarly, we tested the effect of the extract on host cell viability. We observed that TT extract inhibited tachyzoites growth with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50s), IC50 = 5.98 ± 1.22 µg/mL, and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50s), CC50 ≥ 100 µg/mL. It was discovered that TT extract induced strong mitochondria superoxide and reactive oxygen species production and disrupted mitochondria membrane potential in T. gondii tachyzoites. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy depicted that TT extract and pyrimethamine (PY) caused a morphological deformation of tachyzoites in vitro. In conclusion, TT methanol extract made up of phytosterols, bioactive sphingolipids, peptides, phenolic acids, and lactones could be a promising source of new compounds for the future development of anti-Toxoplasma gondii drugs. Extracts were non-cytotoxic, even at higher concentrations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:24:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-406e4ac9c61d46d1a4d6a367d340ce5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:24:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-406e4ac9c61d46d1a4d6a367d340ce5b2023-06-04T11:27:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-05-011311910.1038/s41598-023-35676-6Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extractHoma Nath Sharma0Jonathan Catrett1Ogechi Destiny Nwokeocha2Melissa Boersma3Michael E. Miller4Audrey Napier5Boakai K. Robertson6Daniel A. Abugri7Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State UniversityEnterprise State Community CollegeDepartment of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Tuskegee UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics (COSAM), Auburn UniversityAuburn University Research Instrumentation Facility, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State UniversityAbstract Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection continues to rise globally in humans and animals with high socioeconomic and public health challenges. Current medications used against T. gondii infection are limited in efficacy, safety, and affordability. This research was conducted to assess the higher fungi extract effect on T. gondii tachyzoites growth in vitro and possibly decipher its mechanism of action. Furthermore, we evaluated the extract's effect on human foreskin fibroblast viability. The methanol extracts of Turkey tail (TT) mushroom was tested against T. gondii tachyzoites growth using an RH-RFP type I strain that expresses red fluorescent protein throughout culture in a dose-dependent manner using a fluorescent plate reader. Similarly, we tested the effect of the extract on host cell viability. We observed that TT extract inhibited tachyzoites growth with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50s), IC50 = 5.98 ± 1.22 µg/mL, and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50s), CC50 ≥ 100 µg/mL. It was discovered that TT extract induced strong mitochondria superoxide and reactive oxygen species production and disrupted mitochondria membrane potential in T. gondii tachyzoites. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy depicted that TT extract and pyrimethamine (PY) caused a morphological deformation of tachyzoites in vitro. In conclusion, TT methanol extract made up of phytosterols, bioactive sphingolipids, peptides, phenolic acids, and lactones could be a promising source of new compounds for the future development of anti-Toxoplasma gondii drugs. Extracts were non-cytotoxic, even at higher concentrations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35676-6 |
| spellingShingle | Homa Nath Sharma Jonathan Catrett Ogechi Destiny Nwokeocha Melissa Boersma Michael E. Miller Audrey Napier Boakai K. Robertson Daniel A. Abugri Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract Scientific Reports |
| title | Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract |
| title_full | Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract |
| title_short | Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom extract |
| title_sort | anti toxoplasma gondii activity of trametes versicolor turkey tail mushroom extract |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35676-6 |
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