Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes
Abstract Inconsistencies have been found in the relationship between ambient lighting conditions and frequency-dependence in transcranial electric stimulation (tES) induced phosphenes. Using a within-subjects design across lighting condition (dark, mesopic [dim], photopic [bright]) and tES stimulati...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11755-y |
| _version_ | 1817988327053197312 |
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| author | Ian Evans Stephen Palmisano Rodney J. Croft |
| author_facet | Ian Evans Stephen Palmisano Rodney J. Croft |
| author_sort | Ian Evans |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Inconsistencies have been found in the relationship between ambient lighting conditions and frequency-dependence in transcranial electric stimulation (tES) induced phosphenes. Using a within-subjects design across lighting condition (dark, mesopic [dim], photopic [bright]) and tES stimulation frequency (10, 13, 16, 18, 20 Hz), this study determined phosphene detection thresholds in 24 subjects receiving tES using an FPz-Cz montage. Minima phosphene thresholds were found at 16 Hz in mesopic, 10 Hz in dark and 20 Hz in photopic lighting conditions, with these thresholds being substantially lower for mesopic than both dark (60% reduction) and photopic (56% reduction), conditions. Further, whereas the phosphene threshold-stimulation frequency relation increased with frequency in the dark and decreased with frequency in the photopic conditions, in the mesopic condition it followed the dark condition relation from 10 to 16 Hz, and photopic condition relation from 16 to 20 Hz. The results clearly demonstrate that ambient lighting is an important factor in the detection of tES-induced phosphenes, and that mesopic conditions are most suitable for obtaining overall phosphene thresholds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:32:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-407994515ed542c5bb0bb7341d7e2c32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:32:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-407994515ed542c5bb0bb7341d7e2c322022-12-22T02:22:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-05-011211910.1038/s41598-022-11755-yEffect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenesIan Evans0Stephen Palmisano1Rodney J. Croft2School of Psychology, University of WollongongSchool of Psychology, University of WollongongSchool of Psychology, University of WollongongAbstract Inconsistencies have been found in the relationship between ambient lighting conditions and frequency-dependence in transcranial electric stimulation (tES) induced phosphenes. Using a within-subjects design across lighting condition (dark, mesopic [dim], photopic [bright]) and tES stimulation frequency (10, 13, 16, 18, 20 Hz), this study determined phosphene detection thresholds in 24 subjects receiving tES using an FPz-Cz montage. Minima phosphene thresholds were found at 16 Hz in mesopic, 10 Hz in dark and 20 Hz in photopic lighting conditions, with these thresholds being substantially lower for mesopic than both dark (60% reduction) and photopic (56% reduction), conditions. Further, whereas the phosphene threshold-stimulation frequency relation increased with frequency in the dark and decreased with frequency in the photopic conditions, in the mesopic condition it followed the dark condition relation from 10 to 16 Hz, and photopic condition relation from 16 to 20 Hz. The results clearly demonstrate that ambient lighting is an important factor in the detection of tES-induced phosphenes, and that mesopic conditions are most suitable for obtaining overall phosphene thresholds.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11755-y |
| spellingShingle | Ian Evans Stephen Palmisano Rodney J. Croft Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes Scientific Reports |
| title | Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes |
| title_full | Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes |
| title_fullStr | Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes |
| title_short | Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes |
| title_sort | effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation induced phosphenes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11755-y |
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