A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers
Abstract We present a novel, highly versatile, and self-referenced arrival time monitor for measuring the femtosecond time delay between a hard X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser and an optical laser pulse, measured directly on the same sample used for pump-probe experiments. Two chirped and pic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82597-3 |
| _version_ | 1818752067558178816 |
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| author | Michael Diez Andreas Galler Sebastian Schulz Christina Boemer Ryan N. Coffee Nick Hartmann Rupert Heider Martin S. Wagner Wolfram Helml Tetsuo Katayama Tokushi Sato Takahiro Sato Makina Yabashi Christian Bressler |
| author_facet | Michael Diez Andreas Galler Sebastian Schulz Christina Boemer Ryan N. Coffee Nick Hartmann Rupert Heider Martin S. Wagner Wolfram Helml Tetsuo Katayama Tokushi Sato Takahiro Sato Makina Yabashi Christian Bressler |
| author_sort | Michael Diez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We present a novel, highly versatile, and self-referenced arrival time monitor for measuring the femtosecond time delay between a hard X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser and an optical laser pulse, measured directly on the same sample used for pump-probe experiments. Two chirped and picosecond long optical supercontinuum pulses traverse the sample with a mutually fixed time delay of 970 fs, while a femtosecond X-ray pulse arrives at an instant in between both pulses. Behind the sample the supercontinuum pulses are temporally overlapped to yield near-perfect destructive interference in the absence of the X-ray pulse. Stimulation of the sample with an X-ray pulse delivers non-zero contributions at certain optical wavelengths, which serve as a measure of the relative arrival time of the X-ray pulse with an accuracy of better than 25 fs. We find an excellent agreement of our monitor with the existing timing diagnostics at the SACLA XFEL with a Pearson correlation value of 0.98. We demonstrate a high sensitivity to measure X-ray pulses with pulse energies as low as 30 $$\upmu $$ μ J. Using a free-flowing liquid jet as interaction sample ensures the full replacement of the sample volume for each X-ray/optical event, thus enabling its utility even at MHz repetition rate XFEL sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:45:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-407ecbf25db34d298729ec35ebb86784 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:45:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-407ecbf25db34d298729ec35ebb867842022-12-21T21:20:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-02-0111111110.1038/s41598-021-82597-3A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasersMichael Diez0Andreas Galler1Sebastian Schulz2Christina Boemer3Ryan N. Coffee4Nick Hartmann5Rupert Heider6Martin S. Wagner7Wolfram Helml8Tetsuo Katayama9Tokushi Sato10Takahiro Sato11Makina Yabashi12Christian Bressler13European XFEL GmbHEuropean XFEL GmbHEuropean XFEL GmbHEuropean XFEL GmbHSLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryPhysik-Department E11, Technical University of MunichPhysik-Department E11, Technical University of MunichPhysik-Department E11, Technical University of MunichJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research InstituteCenter for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research InstituteEuropean XFEL GmbHAbstract We present a novel, highly versatile, and self-referenced arrival time monitor for measuring the femtosecond time delay between a hard X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser and an optical laser pulse, measured directly on the same sample used for pump-probe experiments. Two chirped and picosecond long optical supercontinuum pulses traverse the sample with a mutually fixed time delay of 970 fs, while a femtosecond X-ray pulse arrives at an instant in between both pulses. Behind the sample the supercontinuum pulses are temporally overlapped to yield near-perfect destructive interference in the absence of the X-ray pulse. Stimulation of the sample with an X-ray pulse delivers non-zero contributions at certain optical wavelengths, which serve as a measure of the relative arrival time of the X-ray pulse with an accuracy of better than 25 fs. We find an excellent agreement of our monitor with the existing timing diagnostics at the SACLA XFEL with a Pearson correlation value of 0.98. We demonstrate a high sensitivity to measure X-ray pulses with pulse energies as low as 30 $$\upmu $$ μ J. Using a free-flowing liquid jet as interaction sample ensures the full replacement of the sample volume for each X-ray/optical event, thus enabling its utility even at MHz repetition rate XFEL sources.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82597-3 |
| spellingShingle | Michael Diez Andreas Galler Sebastian Schulz Christina Boemer Ryan N. Coffee Nick Hartmann Rupert Heider Martin S. Wagner Wolfram Helml Tetsuo Katayama Tokushi Sato Takahiro Sato Makina Yabashi Christian Bressler A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers Scientific Reports |
| title | A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers |
| title_full | A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers |
| title_fullStr | A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers |
| title_full_unstemmed | A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers |
| title_short | A self-referenced in-situ arrival time monitor for X-ray free-electron lasers |
| title_sort | self referenced in situ arrival time monitor for x ray free electron lasers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82597-3 |
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