Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens
Abstract Lichens are combinations of two symbiotic organisms, a green alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus. They grow in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and survive in habitats, which are very dry or cold, or too poor in nutrients to maintain vegetation growth. Because lichens grow on visible surfa...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11110 |
| _version_ | 1797244904583200768 |
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| author | Miina Rautiainen Nea Kuusinen Titta Majasalmi |
| author_facet | Miina Rautiainen Nea Kuusinen Titta Majasalmi |
| author_sort | Miina Rautiainen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Lichens are combinations of two symbiotic organisms, a green alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus. They grow in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and survive in habitats, which are very dry or cold, or too poor in nutrients to maintain vegetation growth. Because lichens grow on visible surfaces and exhibit spectral properties, which are clearly different from, for example, vegetation, it is possible to distinguish them in remote sensing data. In this first systematic review article on remote sensing of lichens, we analyze and summarize which lichen species or genera, and in which habitats and geographical regions, have been remotely sensed, and which remote sensing or spectroscopic technologies have been used. We found that laboratory or in situ measured spectra of over 70 lichen species have been reported to date. We show that studies on remote sensing of lichens fall under seven broad themes: (1) collection of lichen spectra for quantification of lichen species or characteristics, (2) pollution monitoring with lichens as ecological indicators, (3) geological and lithological mapping, (4) desert and dryland monitoring, (5) animal habitat monitoring, (6) land cover or vegetation mapping, and (7) surface energy budget modeling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:18:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40808b83286f4e7db4f805daa14c4439 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:18:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-40808b83286f4e7db4f805daa14c44392024-03-26T04:26:57ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-03-01143n/an/a10.1002/ece3.11110Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichensMiina Rautiainen0Nea Kuusinen1Titta Majasalmi2Department of Built Environment Aalto University School of Engineering Espoo FinlandDepartment of Built Environment Aalto University School of Engineering Espoo FinlandDepartment of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki FinlandAbstract Lichens are combinations of two symbiotic organisms, a green alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus. They grow in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and survive in habitats, which are very dry or cold, or too poor in nutrients to maintain vegetation growth. Because lichens grow on visible surfaces and exhibit spectral properties, which are clearly different from, for example, vegetation, it is possible to distinguish them in remote sensing data. In this first systematic review article on remote sensing of lichens, we analyze and summarize which lichen species or genera, and in which habitats and geographical regions, have been remotely sensed, and which remote sensing or spectroscopic technologies have been used. We found that laboratory or in situ measured spectra of over 70 lichen species have been reported to date. We show that studies on remote sensing of lichens fall under seven broad themes: (1) collection of lichen spectra for quantification of lichen species or characteristics, (2) pollution monitoring with lichens as ecological indicators, (3) geological and lithological mapping, (4) desert and dryland monitoring, (5) animal habitat monitoring, (6) land cover or vegetation mapping, and (7) surface energy budget modeling.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11110airbornebiocrustcryptogamlichenreflectancesatellite image |
| spellingShingle | Miina Rautiainen Nea Kuusinen Titta Majasalmi Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens Ecology and Evolution airborne biocrust cryptogam lichen reflectance satellite image |
| title | Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens |
| title_full | Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens |
| title_fullStr | Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens |
| title_short | Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens |
| title_sort | remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens |
| topic | airborne biocrust cryptogam lichen reflectance satellite image |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11110 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT miinarautiainen remotesensingandspectroscopyoflichens AT neakuusinen remotesensingandspectroscopyoflichens AT tittamajasalmi remotesensingandspectroscopyoflichens |