Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework
Abstract Digital technologies in, on, and around bicycles and cyclists are gaining ground. Collectively called Smart Cycling Technologies (SCTs), it is important to evaluate their impact on subjective cycling experiences. Future evaluations can inform the design of SCTs, which in turn can help to re...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | European Transport Research Review |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00635-3 |
| _version_ | 1797276049842634752 |
|---|---|
| author | Mario Boot Mehmet Baran Ulak Karst T. Geurs Paul J. M. Havinga |
| author_facet | Mario Boot Mehmet Baran Ulak Karst T. Geurs Paul J. M. Havinga |
| author_sort | Mario Boot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Digital technologies in, on, and around bicycles and cyclists are gaining ground. Collectively called Smart Cycling Technologies (SCTs), it is important to evaluate their impact on subjective cycling experiences. Future evaluations can inform the design of SCTs, which in turn can help to realize the abundant benefits of cycling. Wearable body sensors and advanced driver assistance systems are increasingly studied in other domains, however evaluation methods integrating such sensors and systems in the field of cycling research were under-reviewed and under-conceptualized. This paper therefore presents a systematic literature review and conceptual framework to support the use of body sensors in evaluations of the impact of SCTs on perceptions, emotions, feelings, affect, and more, during outdoor bicycle rides. The literature review (n = 40) showed that there is scarce research on this specific use of body sensors. Moreover, existing research designs are typically not tailored to determine impact of SCTs on cycling experience at large scale. Most studies had small sample sizes and explored limited sensors in chest belts and wristbands for evaluating stress response. The evaluation framework helps to overcome these limitations, by synthesizing crucial factors and methods for future evaluations in four categories: (1) experiences with SCTs, (2) experience measurements, (3) causal analysis, (4) confounding variables. The framework also identifies which types of sensors fit well to which types of experiences and SCTs. The seven directions for future research include, for example, experiences of psychological flow, sensors in e-textiles, and cycling with biofeedback. Future interactions between cyclists and SCTs will likely resemble a collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence. Altogether, this paper helps to understand if future support systems for cyclists truly make cycling safer and more attractive. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:22:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4081eda647ca43efb2cd3c4782e17b6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1866-8887 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:22:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Transport Research Review |
| spelling | doaj.art-4081eda647ca43efb2cd3c4782e17b6a2024-03-05T17:33:35ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Transport Research Review1866-88872024-02-0116112310.1186/s12544-024-00635-3Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual frameworkMario Boot0Mehmet Baran Ulak1Karst T. Geurs2Paul J. M. Havinga3Transport Engineering and Management Group, Department of Civil Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technolog, University of TwenteTransport Engineering and Management Group, Department of Civil Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technolog, University of TwenteTransport Engineering and Management Group, Department of Civil Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technolog, University of TwentePervasive Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of TwenteAbstract Digital technologies in, on, and around bicycles and cyclists are gaining ground. Collectively called Smart Cycling Technologies (SCTs), it is important to evaluate their impact on subjective cycling experiences. Future evaluations can inform the design of SCTs, which in turn can help to realize the abundant benefits of cycling. Wearable body sensors and advanced driver assistance systems are increasingly studied in other domains, however evaluation methods integrating such sensors and systems in the field of cycling research were under-reviewed and under-conceptualized. This paper therefore presents a systematic literature review and conceptual framework to support the use of body sensors in evaluations of the impact of SCTs on perceptions, emotions, feelings, affect, and more, during outdoor bicycle rides. The literature review (n = 40) showed that there is scarce research on this specific use of body sensors. Moreover, existing research designs are typically not tailored to determine impact of SCTs on cycling experience at large scale. Most studies had small sample sizes and explored limited sensors in chest belts and wristbands for evaluating stress response. The evaluation framework helps to overcome these limitations, by synthesizing crucial factors and methods for future evaluations in four categories: (1) experiences with SCTs, (2) experience measurements, (3) causal analysis, (4) confounding variables. The framework also identifies which types of sensors fit well to which types of experiences and SCTs. The seven directions for future research include, for example, experiences of psychological flow, sensors in e-textiles, and cycling with biofeedback. Future interactions between cyclists and SCTs will likely resemble a collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence. Altogether, this paper helps to understand if future support systems for cyclists truly make cycling safer and more attractive.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00635-3Smart cycling technologyBody sensorCycling experienceImpactEvaluation |
| spellingShingle | Mario Boot Mehmet Baran Ulak Karst T. Geurs Paul J. M. Havinga Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework European Transport Research Review Smart cycling technology Body sensor Cycling experience Impact Evaluation |
| title | Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework |
| title_full | Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework |
| title_fullStr | Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework |
| title_short | Using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework |
| title_sort | using body sensors for evaluating the impact of smart cycling technologies on cycling experiences a systematic literature review and conceptual framework |
| topic | Smart cycling technology Body sensor Cycling experience Impact Evaluation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00635-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marioboot usingbodysensorsforevaluatingtheimpactofsmartcyclingtechnologiesoncyclingexperiencesasystematicliteraturereviewandconceptualframework AT mehmetbaranulak usingbodysensorsforevaluatingtheimpactofsmartcyclingtechnologiesoncyclingexperiencesasystematicliteraturereviewandconceptualframework AT karsttgeurs usingbodysensorsforevaluatingtheimpactofsmartcyclingtechnologiesoncyclingexperiencesasystematicliteraturereviewandconceptualframework AT pauljmhavinga usingbodysensorsforevaluatingtheimpactofsmartcyclingtechnologiesoncyclingexperiencesasystematicliteraturereviewandconceptualframework |