Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update
Dothistroma needle blight is one of the most devastating fungal pine diseases worldwide. The disease is characterized by accumulation in pine needles of a red toxin, dothistromin, that is chemically related to aflatoxin (AF) and sterigmatocystin (ST). This review updates current knowledge of the gen...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2010-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/11/2680/ |
| _version_ | 1798025967666462720 |
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| author | Rosie E. Bradshaw Arne Schwelm |
| author_facet | Rosie E. Bradshaw Arne Schwelm |
| author_sort | Rosie E. Bradshaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dothistroma needle blight is one of the most devastating fungal pine diseases worldwide. The disease is characterized by accumulation in pine needles of a red toxin, dothistromin, that is chemically related to aflatoxin (AF) and sterigmatocystin (ST). This review updates current knowledge of the genetics of dothistromin biosynthesis by the Dothistroma septosporum pathogen and highlights differences in gene organization and regulation that have been discovered between the dothistromin and AF/ST systems. Some previously reported genes are promoted or demoted as ‘dothistromin genes’ based on recent research. A new dothistromin gene, norB, is reported, and evidence of dothistromin gene homologs in other Dothideomycete fungi is presented. A hypothesis for the biological role of dothistromin is outlined. Finally, the impact that the availability of the D. septosporum genome sequence will have on dothistromin research is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:27:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-408889728d03402daf1c56232b161059 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:27:24Z |
| publishDate | 2010-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-408889728d03402daf1c56232b1610592022-12-22T04:09:34ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512010-11-012112680269810.3390/toxins2112680Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An UpdateRosie E. BradshawArne SchwelmDothistroma needle blight is one of the most devastating fungal pine diseases worldwide. The disease is characterized by accumulation in pine needles of a red toxin, dothistromin, that is chemically related to aflatoxin (AF) and sterigmatocystin (ST). This review updates current knowledge of the genetics of dothistromin biosynthesis by the Dothistroma septosporum pathogen and highlights differences in gene organization and regulation that have been discovered between the dothistromin and AF/ST systems. Some previously reported genes are promoted or demoted as ‘dothistromin genes’ based on recent research. A new dothistromin gene, norB, is reported, and evidence of dothistromin gene homologs in other Dothideomycete fungi is presented. A hypothesis for the biological role of dothistromin is outlined. Finally, the impact that the availability of the D. septosporum genome sequence will have on dothistromin research is discussed.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/11/2680/Dothideomycetemycotoxingene clusterpine needle blightMycosphaerella piniaflatoxinsterigmatocystin |
| spellingShingle | Rosie E. Bradshaw Arne Schwelm Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update Toxins Dothideomycete mycotoxin gene cluster pine needle blight Mycosphaerella pini aflatoxin sterigmatocystin |
| title | Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update |
| title_full | Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update |
| title_fullStr | Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update |
| title_short | Genetics of Dothistromin Biosynthesis of Dothistroma septosporum: An Update |
| title_sort | genetics of dothistromin biosynthesis of dothistroma septosporum an update |
| topic | Dothideomycete mycotoxin gene cluster pine needle blight Mycosphaerella pini aflatoxin sterigmatocystin |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/11/2680/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rosieebradshaw geneticsofdothistrominbiosynthesisofdothistromaseptosporumanupdate AT arneschwelm geneticsofdothistrominbiosynthesisofdothistromaseptosporumanupdate |