Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting
Abstract Background Tobacco smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and death worldwide. Combustible cigarettes release thousands of chemicals that can initiate inflammatory pathways leading to smoking-related illness. This review aims to synthesize current scientific knowledge on mecha...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Bulletin of the National Research Centre |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01174-6 |
| _version_ | 1797340337545412608 |
|---|---|
| author | Tamer A. Addissouky Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed Majeed M. A. Ali Yuliang Wang Ayman El Baz Naglaa Elarabany Ahmed A. Khalil |
| author_facet | Tamer A. Addissouky Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed Majeed M. A. Ali Yuliang Wang Ayman El Baz Naglaa Elarabany Ahmed A. Khalil |
| author_sort | Tamer A. Addissouky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Tobacco smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and death worldwide. Combustible cigarettes release thousands of chemicals that can initiate inflammatory pathways leading to smoking-related illness. This review aims to synthesize current scientific knowledge on mechanisms of smoking-induced disease, epidemiological trends, and clinical strategies from recent literature. Main body of the abstract At the cellular level, cigarette smoke triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage. This provokes inflammatory signaling cascades mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), receptors like RAGE and TLRs, and downstream cytokines. Smoking also disrupts apoptosis and autophagy. In the lungs, oxidative stress and inflammation from smoking play central roles in COPD pathogenesis. Smoking-induced oxidative DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and impaired immunity combine to promote lung carcinogenesis. For cardiovascular disease, smoking triggers endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and atherogenesis through oxidized LDL and effects on nitric oxide and adhesion molecules. Short conclusion Given the unequivocal evidence of health risks, smoking cessation is critical to reducing preventable death and disability. Both counseling and pharmacotherapy have proven efficacy for quitting, but efficacy remains limited long-term. Emerging nicotine products like e-cigarettes have unknown impacts on cessation and population health. Comprehensive efforts encompassing prevention, screening, treatment innovation, harm reduction, and policy reform focused on curbing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality are warranted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:00:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40914a987284439397b99ae699d589ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2522-8307 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:00:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the National Research Centre |
| spelling | doaj.art-40914a987284439397b99ae699d589ec2024-01-29T10:55:49ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of the National Research Centre2522-83072024-01-0148111610.1186/s42269-024-01174-6Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targetingTamer A. Addissouky0Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed1Majeed M. A. Ali2Yuliang Wang3Ayman El Baz4Naglaa Elarabany5Ahmed A. Khalil6Al-Hadi University CollegeDepartment of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Menoufia UniversityAl-Hadi University CollegeJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina University for Medical SciencesBiology Department, Sajir College of Arts and Science, Shaqra UniversityDepartment of Pathology, BayState Medical CenterAbstract Background Tobacco smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and death worldwide. Combustible cigarettes release thousands of chemicals that can initiate inflammatory pathways leading to smoking-related illness. This review aims to synthesize current scientific knowledge on mechanisms of smoking-induced disease, epidemiological trends, and clinical strategies from recent literature. Main body of the abstract At the cellular level, cigarette smoke triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage. This provokes inflammatory signaling cascades mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), receptors like RAGE and TLRs, and downstream cytokines. Smoking also disrupts apoptosis and autophagy. In the lungs, oxidative stress and inflammation from smoking play central roles in COPD pathogenesis. Smoking-induced oxidative DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and impaired immunity combine to promote lung carcinogenesis. For cardiovascular disease, smoking triggers endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and atherogenesis through oxidized LDL and effects on nitric oxide and adhesion molecules. Short conclusion Given the unequivocal evidence of health risks, smoking cessation is critical to reducing preventable death and disability. Both counseling and pharmacotherapy have proven efficacy for quitting, but efficacy remains limited long-term. Emerging nicotine products like e-cigarettes have unknown impacts on cessation and population health. Comprehensive efforts encompassing prevention, screening, treatment innovation, harm reduction, and policy reform focused on curbing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality are warranted.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01174-6Oxidative stressSmoking cessationHealth disparitiesE-cigarettesNicotine addiction |
| spellingShingle | Tamer A. Addissouky Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed Majeed M. A. Ali Yuliang Wang Ayman El Baz Naglaa Elarabany Ahmed A. Khalil Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting Bulletin of the National Research Centre Oxidative stress Smoking cessation Health disparities E-cigarettes Nicotine addiction |
| title | Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting |
| title_full | Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting |
| title_short | Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting |
| title_sort | oxidative stress and inflammation elucidating mechanisms of smoking attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting |
| topic | Oxidative stress Smoking cessation Health disparities E-cigarettes Nicotine addiction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01174-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tameraaddissouky oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting AT ibrahimeltantawyelsayed oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting AT majeedmaali oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting AT yuliangwang oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting AT aymanelbaz oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting AT naglaaelarabany oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting AT ahmedakhalil oxidativestressandinflammationelucidatingmechanismsofsmokingattributablepathologyfortherapeutictargeting |