Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon
Abstract Background Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans, to descr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-022-00958-0 |
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| author | Félicité Flore Djuikwo Teukeng Manon Blin Nicolas Bech Marta Reguera Gomez Rima Zein-Eddine Alain Michel Kouam Simo Jean-Francois Allienne Louis Albert Tchuem-Tchuenté Jérôme Boissier |
| author_facet | Félicité Flore Djuikwo Teukeng Manon Blin Nicolas Bech Marta Reguera Gomez Rima Zein-Eddine Alain Michel Kouam Simo Jean-Francois Allienne Louis Albert Tchuem-Tchuenté Jérôme Boissier |
| author_sort | Félicité Flore Djuikwo Teukeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans, to describe the structure of S. haematobium populations on a large geographic scale, and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Methods From January to April 2019, urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct populations. Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine. To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1 (RD-PCR) and ITS2 gene (PCR-RFLP). Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers. Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes, and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst, PCA and Bayesian approaches. Results Of the 1327 miracidia studied, 88.7% were identified as pure genotypes of S. haematobium (Sh_Sh/Sh) while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids (7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb, 3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb). No miracidium has been identified as a pure genotype of S. bovis. Allelic richness ranged from 5.55 (Loum population) to 7.73 (Matta-Barrage) and differed significantly between populations. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7% (Loum) to 59% (Matta Barrage) with no significant difference. The overall genetic differentiation inferred either by a principal component analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure. Southern populations (Loum and Matta Barrage) were clearly separated from other localities but genetic differentiation between northern localities was limited, certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites. Conclusions Hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis were identified in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine of Cameroonian schoolchildren. The percentages of these hybrids are correlated with the genetic diversity of the parasite, indicating that hybridization increases genetic diversity in our sampling sites. Hybridization is therefore a major biological process that shapes the genetic diversity of S. haematobium. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:33:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-409369bbb20842ae85f1a29b4cc0025c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2049-9957 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:33:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
| spelling | doaj.art-409369bbb20842ae85f1a29b4cc0025c2022-12-22T03:06:27ZengBMCInfectious Diseases of Poverty2049-99572022-03-0111111110.1186/s40249-022-00958-0Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in CameroonFélicité Flore Djuikwo Teukeng0Manon Blin1Nicolas Bech2Marta Reguera Gomez3Rima Zein-Eddine4Alain Michel Kouam Simo5Jean-Francois Allienne6Louis Albert Tchuem-Tchuenté7Jérôme Boissier8Faculty of Heath Science, Mountain UniversityIHPE Lab UMR 5244 CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, UMEBI Lab UMR 7267 CNRS, University of PoitierParasitology Department, University of ValenciaTropical Neurology Institute, UMR 1094, INSERM University of LimogesFaculty of Heath Science, Mountain UniversityIHPE Lab UMR 5244 CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, UMLaboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé IIHPE Lab UMR 5244 CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, UMAbstract Background Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans, to describe the structure of S. haematobium populations on a large geographic scale, and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Methods From January to April 2019, urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct populations. Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine. To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1 (RD-PCR) and ITS2 gene (PCR-RFLP). Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers. Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes, and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst, PCA and Bayesian approaches. Results Of the 1327 miracidia studied, 88.7% were identified as pure genotypes of S. haematobium (Sh_Sh/Sh) while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids (7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb, 3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb). No miracidium has been identified as a pure genotype of S. bovis. Allelic richness ranged from 5.55 (Loum population) to 7.73 (Matta-Barrage) and differed significantly between populations. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7% (Loum) to 59% (Matta Barrage) with no significant difference. The overall genetic differentiation inferred either by a principal component analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure. Southern populations (Loum and Matta Barrage) were clearly separated from other localities but genetic differentiation between northern localities was limited, certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites. Conclusions Hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis were identified in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine of Cameroonian schoolchildren. The percentages of these hybrids are correlated with the genetic diversity of the parasite, indicating that hybridization increases genetic diversity in our sampling sites. Hybridization is therefore a major biological process that shapes the genetic diversity of S. haematobium. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-022-00958-0Schistosoma haematobiumSchistosoma bovisGenetic diversityHybridizationMiracidiumCameroon |
| spellingShingle | Félicité Flore Djuikwo Teukeng Manon Blin Nicolas Bech Marta Reguera Gomez Rima Zein-Eddine Alain Michel Kouam Simo Jean-Francois Allienne Louis Albert Tchuem-Tchuenté Jérôme Boissier Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon Infectious Diseases of Poverty Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma bovis Genetic diversity Hybridization Miracidium Cameroon |
| title | Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon |
| title_full | Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon |
| title_fullStr | Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon |
| title_short | Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon |
| title_sort | hybridization increases genetic diversity in schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in cameroon |
| topic | Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma bovis Genetic diversity Hybridization Miracidium Cameroon |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-022-00958-0 |
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