Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics
Moisture anomaly conditions within humid and subhumid tropics that are associated with different types of El Niño and La Niña phenomena are described and analyzed with a focus on their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Five dryness indices (Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Weighted Anomaly S...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1354 |
| _version_ | 1797544804815470592 |
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| author | Daria Gushchina Irina Zheleznova Alexander Osipov Alexander Olchev |
| author_facet | Daria Gushchina Irina Zheleznova Alexander Osipov Alexander Olchev |
| author_sort | Daria Gushchina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Moisture anomaly conditions within humid and subhumid tropics that are associated with different types of El Niño and La Niña phenomena are described and analyzed with a focus on their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Five dryness indices (Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipitation Index, Standardized Precipitation Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index, and Percent of Normal Precipitation) were derived from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) datasets for the period from 1979 to 2019. Cross-correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and selected dryness indices. To describe the seasonal variability of the ENSO–surface moisture relationships, the composite maps of dryness indices in different seasons were analyzed. The results showed a significant heterogeneity of the ENSO-induced moisture anomaly conditions both within and across various geographical regions. Four main areas in humid and subhumid tropics with the maximum effects of El Niño/La Niña events on the surface moisture conditions were found: Southeast Asia and Australia, Eastern and South Africa, Northeastern and Eastern South America, and Central America. It was shown that the effects of La Niña were usually opposite to those of El Niño, while the responses to the two types of El Niño differed mostly in the moisture anomaly intensity and its spatial patterns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:06:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-409789e36d1c443a8d784156cd36093b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:06:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-409789e36d1c443a8d784156cd36093b2023-11-21T00:36:27ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-12-011112135410.3390/atmos11121354Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid TropicsDaria Gushchina0Irina Zheleznova1Alexander Osipov2Alexander Olchev3Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaMoisture anomaly conditions within humid and subhumid tropics that are associated with different types of El Niño and La Niña phenomena are described and analyzed with a focus on their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Five dryness indices (Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipitation Index, Standardized Precipitation Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index, and Percent of Normal Precipitation) were derived from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) datasets for the period from 1979 to 2019. Cross-correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and selected dryness indices. To describe the seasonal variability of the ENSO–surface moisture relationships, the composite maps of dryness indices in different seasons were analyzed. The results showed a significant heterogeneity of the ENSO-induced moisture anomaly conditions both within and across various geographical regions. Four main areas in humid and subhumid tropics with the maximum effects of El Niño/La Niña events on the surface moisture conditions were found: Southeast Asia and Australia, Eastern and South Africa, Northeastern and Eastern South America, and Central America. It was shown that the effects of La Niña were usually opposite to those of El Niño, while the responses to the two types of El Niño differed mostly in the moisture anomaly intensity and its spatial patterns.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1354El Niño Southern Oscillationhumid and subhumid tropicsmoisture conditionsdryness indicesprecipitation anomalies |
| spellingShingle | Daria Gushchina Irina Zheleznova Alexander Osipov Alexander Olchev Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics Atmosphere El Niño Southern Oscillation humid and subhumid tropics moisture conditions dryness indices precipitation anomalies |
| title | Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics |
| title_full | Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics |
| title_short | Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics |
| title_sort | effect of various types of enso events on moisture conditions in the humid and subhumid tropics |
| topic | El Niño Southern Oscillation humid and subhumid tropics moisture conditions dryness indices precipitation anomalies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1354 |
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