Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study
Abstract Background The main aim of the study is to examine changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates with respect to the adolescents’ families’socioeconomic status (SES) in 2022. Methods The sample of 24,535 adolescents (n...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17010-x |
| _version_ | 1827632835667689472 |
|---|---|
| author | Erik Sigmund Dagmar Sigmundová Jan Pavelka Michal Kalman Jaroslava Voráčová Zdeněk Meier Jaroslava Kopčáková Petr Badura |
| author_facet | Erik Sigmund Dagmar Sigmundová Jan Pavelka Michal Kalman Jaroslava Voráčová Zdeněk Meier Jaroslava Kopčáková Petr Badura |
| author_sort | Erik Sigmund |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The main aim of the study is to examine changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates with respect to the adolescents’ families’socioeconomic status (SES) in 2022. Methods The sample of 24,535 adolescents (n = 11,629/12,9062018/2022; boys: 50.4/50.6%2018/2022) aged 10.5–16.5 years that was analysed was drawn from two nationally representative cohorts of Czech youngsters from the last two cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) online questionnaire survey from 2018 to 2022. Obesity is represented by the > 97th percentile interval on the World Health Organization Body Mass Index percentile chart, with distinctions by sex and the age of adolescents. The differences in the prevalence of obesity between boys and girls from all SES family categories in 2018 and 2022 were tested using a chi-square test (χ 2). Multiple logistic regression analysis with repeated measures was used to analyse correlates of obesity in 2022. Results Between 2018 and 2022, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity in girls or boys in any of the SES categories of families. Adolescents from low-SES families have the highest prevalence of obesity, 11% for boys and 5.8% for girls, significantly higher (p < .001) than its prevalence among adolescents from high-SES families, by + 4.8% points for boys and + 3.9% points for girls. Among adolescents from low-SES families, individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) daily (p < .005) or vigorous PA three times per week (p < .05) were significantly less likely to be obese than their less active peers. Skipping breakfast significantly (p < .05) increased the odds of obesity, but only among adolescents from low-SES families. Shorter screen time (ST) significantly (p < .05) reduced the odds of obesity for all categories of adolescent SES. Conclusions Obesity is most pronounced in adolescents from low-SES families as a result of a long-term positive energy balance mediated by unbalanced behaviour. Significantly lower odds of obesity in adolescents from low-SES families were confirmed to be associated with regular practice of the recommended PA, shorter ST, and not skipping breakfast. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:51:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40a767c066c8494e8b50c215a1b2baa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:51:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-40a767c066c8494e8b50c215a1b2baa82023-11-26T14:26:58ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582023-10-0123111110.1186/s12889-023-17010-xChanges in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC studyErik Sigmund0Dagmar Sigmundová1Jan Pavelka2Michal Kalman3Jaroslava Voráčová4Zdeněk Meier5Jaroslava Kopčáková6Petr Badura7Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University OlomoucFaculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University OlomoucFaculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University OlomoucFaculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University OlomoucFaculty of Physical Culture, Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Palacký University OlomoucSts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Social Health Institute, Palacký University OlomoucDepartment of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J.Safarik UniversityFaculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University OlomoucAbstract Background The main aim of the study is to examine changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates with respect to the adolescents’ families’socioeconomic status (SES) in 2022. Methods The sample of 24,535 adolescents (n = 11,629/12,9062018/2022; boys: 50.4/50.6%2018/2022) aged 10.5–16.5 years that was analysed was drawn from two nationally representative cohorts of Czech youngsters from the last two cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) online questionnaire survey from 2018 to 2022. Obesity is represented by the > 97th percentile interval on the World Health Organization Body Mass Index percentile chart, with distinctions by sex and the age of adolescents. The differences in the prevalence of obesity between boys and girls from all SES family categories in 2018 and 2022 were tested using a chi-square test (χ 2). Multiple logistic regression analysis with repeated measures was used to analyse correlates of obesity in 2022. Results Between 2018 and 2022, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity in girls or boys in any of the SES categories of families. Adolescents from low-SES families have the highest prevalence of obesity, 11% for boys and 5.8% for girls, significantly higher (p < .001) than its prevalence among adolescents from high-SES families, by + 4.8% points for boys and + 3.9% points for girls. Among adolescents from low-SES families, individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) daily (p < .005) or vigorous PA three times per week (p < .05) were significantly less likely to be obese than their less active peers. Skipping breakfast significantly (p < .05) increased the odds of obesity, but only among adolescents from low-SES families. Shorter screen time (ST) significantly (p < .05) reduced the odds of obesity for all categories of adolescent SES. Conclusions Obesity is most pronounced in adolescents from low-SES families as a result of a long-term positive energy balance mediated by unbalanced behaviour. Significantly lower odds of obesity in adolescents from low-SES families were confirmed to be associated with regular practice of the recommended PA, shorter ST, and not skipping breakfast.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17010-xObesityPhysical activityEating habitsSleepingSocioeconomic statusHBSC study |
| spellingShingle | Erik Sigmund Dagmar Sigmundová Jan Pavelka Michal Kalman Jaroslava Voráčová Zdeněk Meier Jaroslava Kopčáková Petr Badura Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study BMC Public Health Obesity Physical activity Eating habits Sleeping Socioeconomic status HBSC study |
| title | Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study |
| title_full | Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study |
| title_fullStr | Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study |
| title_short | Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non-genetic correlates – HBSC study |
| title_sort | changes in the prevalence of obesity in czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current non genetic correlates hbsc study |
| topic | Obesity Physical activity Eating habits Sleeping Socioeconomic status HBSC study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17010-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eriksigmund changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT dagmarsigmundova changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT janpavelka changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT michalkalman changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT jaroslavavoracova changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT zdenekmeier changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT jaroslavakopcakova changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy AT petrbadura changesintheprevalenceofobesityinczechadolescentsbetween2018and2022anditscurrentnongeneticcorrelateshbscstudy |