| 要約: | Insects encounter infection of microorganisms, and they also harbor endosymbiosis to participate in nutrition providing and act as a defender against pathogens. We previously found the Chinese white wax scale insect, <i>Ericerus pela</i>, was infected and killed by <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (pathogen). We also found it harbored <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (endogensis). In this study, we cultured these two <i>Cladosporium</i> fungi and sequenced their genome. The results showed <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (endogensis) has a larger genome size and more genes than <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (pathogen). Pan-genome analysis showed <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (endogensis)-specific genes enriched in pathways related to nutrition production, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. These pathways were absent in that of <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (pathogen). Gene Ontology analysis showed <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (pathogen)-specific genes enriched in the biosynthesis of asperfuranone, emericellamide, and fumagillin. These terms were not found in that of <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (endogensis). Pathogen Host Interactions analysis found <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (endogensis) had more genes related to loss of pathogenicity and reduced virulence than <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (pathogen). Cytotoxicity assay indicated <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (pathogen) had cytotoxicity, while <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. (endogensis) had no cytotoxicity. These characters reflect the adaptation of endosymbiosis to host-restricted lifestyle and the invader of the entomopathogen to the host.
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