Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs
Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrotrophic zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Pigs are considered the main reservoir of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3, which is the most commonly isolated bioserotype in many European countries. Consuming pork contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be a health threat, and antim...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.841841/full |
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| author | Juho Koskinen Pilar Ortiz-Martínez Riikka Keto-Timonen Suvi Joutsen Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa Hannu Korkeala |
| author_facet | Juho Koskinen Pilar Ortiz-Martínez Riikka Keto-Timonen Suvi Joutsen Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa Hannu Korkeala |
| author_sort | Juho Koskinen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrotrophic zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Pigs are considered the main reservoir of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3, which is the most commonly isolated bioserotype in many European countries. Consuming pork contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be a health threat, and antimicrobial-resistant strains may complicate the treatment of the most severe forms of yersiniosis. We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of 1,016 pathogenic porcine Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains originating from Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Based on available reports, we also compared antimicrobial sales for food production animals in these countries, excluding Russia. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using a broth microdilution method with VetMIC plates for 13 antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur (CTF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid (NAL), streptomycin (STR), sulfamethoxazole (SME), tetracycline (TET), and trimethoprim (TMP). The antimicrobial resistance of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains varied widely between the countries. Strains resistant to antimicrobial agents other than ampicillin were rare in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Russia, with prevalence of 0.7, 0.4, 0, and 8.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was found in Spanish and Italian strains, with 98 and 61% of the strains being resistant to at least two antimicrobial agents, respectively. Resistance to at least four antimicrobial agents was found in 34% of Spanish, 19% of Italian, and 7.1% of English strains. Antimicrobial resistance was more common in countries where the total sales of antimicrobials for food production animals are high and orally administered medications are common. Our results indicate that antimicrobials should be used responsibly to treat infections, and parenteral medications should be preferred to orally administered mass medications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T15:09:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40b470e36be543e3b0a217d66526f6ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T15:09:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-40b470e36be543e3b0a217d66526f6ad2022-12-21T23:40:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-03-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.841841841841Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in PigsJuho KoskinenPilar Ortiz-MartínezRiikka Keto-TimonenSuvi JoutsenMaria Fredriksson-AhomaaHannu KorkealaYersinia enterocolitica is a psychrotrophic zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Pigs are considered the main reservoir of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3, which is the most commonly isolated bioserotype in many European countries. Consuming pork contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be a health threat, and antimicrobial-resistant strains may complicate the treatment of the most severe forms of yersiniosis. We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of 1,016 pathogenic porcine Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains originating from Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Based on available reports, we also compared antimicrobial sales for food production animals in these countries, excluding Russia. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using a broth microdilution method with VetMIC plates for 13 antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur (CTF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid (NAL), streptomycin (STR), sulfamethoxazole (SME), tetracycline (TET), and trimethoprim (TMP). The antimicrobial resistance of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains varied widely between the countries. Strains resistant to antimicrobial agents other than ampicillin were rare in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Russia, with prevalence of 0.7, 0.4, 0, and 8.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was found in Spanish and Italian strains, with 98 and 61% of the strains being resistant to at least two antimicrobial agents, respectively. Resistance to at least four antimicrobial agents was found in 34% of Spanish, 19% of Italian, and 7.1% of English strains. Antimicrobial resistance was more common in countries where the total sales of antimicrobials for food production animals are high and orally administered medications are common. Our results indicate that antimicrobials should be used responsibly to treat infections, and parenteral medications should be preferred to orally administered mass medications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.841841/fullantibioticantimicrobialantimicrobial policycontrolfoodborne pathogenpig |
| spellingShingle | Juho Koskinen Pilar Ortiz-Martínez Riikka Keto-Timonen Suvi Joutsen Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa Hannu Korkeala Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs Frontiers in Microbiology antibiotic antimicrobial antimicrobial policy control foodborne pathogen pig |
| title | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
| title_full | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
| title_short | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
| title_sort | prudent antimicrobial use is essential to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in yersinia enterocolitica 4 o 3 strains in pigs |
| topic | antibiotic antimicrobial antimicrobial policy control foodborne pathogen pig |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.841841/full |
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