Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus
From 2013 to 2018, the Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease–Health Science Center (TRC-EID-HS), in collaboration with the Department of Disease Control (DDC) and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) Thailand, conducted encephalitis surveillance. A total of 1700 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/3/117 |
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| author | Pasin Hemachudha Sininat Petcharat Soawapak Hinjoy Abhinbhen W. Saraya Thiravat Hemachudha |
| author_facet | Pasin Hemachudha Sininat Petcharat Soawapak Hinjoy Abhinbhen W. Saraya Thiravat Hemachudha |
| author_sort | Pasin Hemachudha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | From 2013 to 2018, the Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease–Health Science Center (TRC-EID-HS), in collaboration with the Department of Disease Control (DDC) and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) Thailand, conducted encephalitis surveillance. A total of 1700 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with encephalitis were tested by a predesigned multiplex PCR. Diagnosis was made in 318 cases (18.7%), 86 (27%) of which were caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), 55 (17.3%) by enteroviruses (EV), 36 (11.3%) by varicella–zoster virus (VZV), 31 (9.7%) by cytomegalovirus (CMV), 25 (7.8%) by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and 20 (6.3%) by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Results were compared with 3099 CSF samples from patients with encephalitis collected between 2002 to 2012, which were tested by specific PCR assays. Diagnosis was made in 337 (10.9%) of these cases, and 91 (27%) were CMV, 79 (23.4%) were VZV, 72 (21.4%) were EBV, 39 (11.6%) were EVs, 39 (11.6%) were HSV-1, 33 (9.8%) were HSV-2, and 2 (0.6%) were Dengue virus (DENV). The change in the pattern toward EVs as a major cause of viral encephalitis was unexpected, and a change in viral neurotropism may be responsible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:55:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40b4b99b8fef45efb79a0d25bcacf2a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:55:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-40b4b99b8fef45efb79a0d25bcacf2a52023-11-22T02:23:09ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662021-06-016311710.3390/tropicalmed6030117Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by EnterovirusPasin Hemachudha0Sininat Petcharat1Soawapak Hinjoy2Abhinbhen W. Saraya3Thiravat Hemachudha4Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandThai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandOffice of International Cooperation, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandThai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandThai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandFrom 2013 to 2018, the Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease–Health Science Center (TRC-EID-HS), in collaboration with the Department of Disease Control (DDC) and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) Thailand, conducted encephalitis surveillance. A total of 1700 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with encephalitis were tested by a predesigned multiplex PCR. Diagnosis was made in 318 cases (18.7%), 86 (27%) of which were caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), 55 (17.3%) by enteroviruses (EV), 36 (11.3%) by varicella–zoster virus (VZV), 31 (9.7%) by cytomegalovirus (CMV), 25 (7.8%) by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and 20 (6.3%) by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Results were compared with 3099 CSF samples from patients with encephalitis collected between 2002 to 2012, which were tested by specific PCR assays. Diagnosis was made in 337 (10.9%) of these cases, and 91 (27%) were CMV, 79 (23.4%) were VZV, 72 (21.4%) were EBV, 39 (11.6%) were EVs, 39 (11.6%) were HSV-1, 33 (9.8%) were HSV-2, and 2 (0.6%) were Dengue virus (DENV). The change in the pattern toward EVs as a major cause of viral encephalitis was unexpected, and a change in viral neurotropism may be responsible.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/3/117encephalitisenterovirusneurological infectionThailand |
| spellingShingle | Pasin Hemachudha Sininat Petcharat Soawapak Hinjoy Abhinbhen W. Saraya Thiravat Hemachudha Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease encephalitis enterovirus neurological infection Thailand |
| title | Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus |
| title_full | Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus |
| title_fullStr | Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus |
| title_short | Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus |
| title_sort | encephalitis in thailand a neglected disease increasingly caused by enterovirus |
| topic | encephalitis enterovirus neurological infection Thailand |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/3/117 |
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