Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries
<span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " dir="ltr">Background:</strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universitas Airlangga
2015-06-01
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| Series: | Dental Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/1684 |
| _version_ | 1818997627878899712 |
|---|---|
| author | Muhammad Luthfi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Luthfi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Luthfi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " dir="ltr">Background:</strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and decay exfoliation filling teeth (def-t) >6 is a destructive disease that afflicts </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>teeth, including maxillary anterior teeth. In Indonesia, the prevalence of this disease is still high, for instance in Semarang 2007, the </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>rate reached 90.5% in urban areas and 95.9% in rural areas for early childhood caries which is caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mutans). Neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity which become the main component of the very first line of defense against </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>microbes. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>This study analyzed the effect caused by the change of CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and the increased level of S. mutans in S-ECC. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Method: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>This study employs observational analytic and cross sectional approach by </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>using T test analysis technique for forty cases of early childhood that had been divided into two groups, first group of twenty children </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>positively diagnosed as S-ECC and second group of twenty children negatively diagnosed as the control group. The sample’s result of </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>gargling with 1.5% NaCl was used for neutrophils isolation and analysis function of salivary neutrophils phagocytosis by using flow </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>cytometry test, while the sample of saliva was used to isolate S. mutans and calculate the level of S. mutans. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Result: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The expression </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>of CD63+ salivary neutrophils in S-ECC was lower (2.32% </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>0.57) than in caries-free (2.67% </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>0.46), while the level of S. mutans </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>showed that the level was not higher than in S-ECC (9.78 </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2.22)x105 CFU/ml compared to in caries-free (5.13 </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>1.86)x105 CFU/ml. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The low expression of CD63 in salivary neutrophils can lead to the increased level of S. mutans in S-ECC.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:48:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40b731dde2d94c8fa2eee561d2611525 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1978-3728 2442-9740 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:48:39Z |
| publishDate | 2015-06-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dental Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-40b731dde2d94c8fa2eee561d26115252022-12-21T19:25:36ZengUniversitas AirlanggaDental Journal1978-37282442-97402015-06-01482899310.20473/j.djmkg.v48.i2.p89-931375Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood cariesMuhammad Luthfi0Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga<span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " dir="ltr">Background:</strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and decay exfoliation filling teeth (def-t) >6 is a destructive disease that afflicts </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>teeth, including maxillary anterior teeth. In Indonesia, the prevalence of this disease is still high, for instance in Semarang 2007, the </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>rate reached 90.5% in urban areas and 95.9% in rural areas for early childhood caries which is caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mutans). Neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity which become the main component of the very first line of defense against </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>microbes. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>This study analyzed the effect caused by the change of CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and the increased level of S. mutans in S-ECC. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Method: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>This study employs observational analytic and cross sectional approach by </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>using T test analysis technique for forty cases of early childhood that had been divided into two groups, first group of twenty children </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>positively diagnosed as S-ECC and second group of twenty children negatively diagnosed as the control group. The sample’s result of </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>gargling with 1.5% NaCl was used for neutrophils isolation and analysis function of salivary neutrophils phagocytosis by using flow </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>cytometry test, while the sample of saliva was used to isolate S. mutans and calculate the level of S. mutans. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Result: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The expression </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>of CD63+ salivary neutrophils in S-ECC was lower (2.32% </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>0.57) than in caries-free (2.67% </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>0.46), while the level of S. mutans </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>showed that the level was not higher than in S-ECC (9.78 </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2.22)x105 CFU/ml compared to in caries-free (5.13 </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>± </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>1.86)x105 CFU/ml. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The low expression of CD63 in salivary neutrophils can lead to the increased level of S. mutans in S-ECC.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/1684Salivary neutrophilsStreptococcus mutansS-ECC |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Luthfi Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries Dental Journal Salivary neutrophils Streptococcus mutans S-ECC |
| title | Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries |
| title_full | Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries |
| title_fullStr | Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries |
| title_short | Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries |
| title_sort | expression analysis of cd63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries |
| topic | Salivary neutrophils Streptococcus mutans S-ECC |
| url | http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/1684 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhammadluthfi expressionanalysisofcd63insalivaryneutrophilsandtheincreasedlevelofstreptococcusmutansinsevereearlychildhoodcaries |