An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate
<p>Water-soluble inorganic ions such as ammonium, nitrate and sulfate are major components of fine aerosols in the atmosphere and are widely used in the estimation of aerosol acidity. However, different experimental practices and instrumentation may lead to uncertainties in ion concentrations....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Online Access: | https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/6325/2020/amt-13-6325-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819276607481708544 |
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| author | J. Xu S. Song R. M. Harrison R. M. Harrison C. Song L. Wei Q. Zhang Y. Sun L. Lei C. Zhang X. Yao X. Yao D. Chen W. Li M. Wu H. Tian L. Luo S. Tong W. Li J. Wang G. Shi Y. Huangfu Y. Tian B. Ge S. Su C. Peng Y. Chen F. Yang A. Mihajlidi-Zelić D. Đorđević S. J. Swift I. Andrews J. F. Hamilton Y. Sun A. Kramawijaya J. Han S. Saksakulkrai C. Baldo S. Hou F. Zheng K. R. Daellenbach C. Yan Y. Liu M. Kulmala P. Fu Z. Shi |
| author_facet | J. Xu S. Song R. M. Harrison R. M. Harrison C. Song L. Wei Q. Zhang Y. Sun L. Lei C. Zhang X. Yao X. Yao D. Chen W. Li M. Wu H. Tian L. Luo S. Tong W. Li J. Wang G. Shi Y. Huangfu Y. Tian B. Ge S. Su C. Peng Y. Chen F. Yang A. Mihajlidi-Zelić D. Đorđević S. J. Swift I. Andrews J. F. Hamilton Y. Sun A. Kramawijaya J. Han S. Saksakulkrai C. Baldo S. Hou F. Zheng K. R. Daellenbach C. Yan Y. Liu M. Kulmala P. Fu Z. Shi |
| author_sort | J. Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Water-soluble inorganic ions such as ammonium, nitrate and sulfate are
major components of fine aerosols in the atmosphere and are widely used in
the estimation of aerosol acidity. However, different experimental practices
and instrumentation may lead to uncertainties in ion concentrations. Here,
an intercomparison experiment was conducted in 10 different laboratories
(labs) to investigate the consistency of inorganic ion concentrations and
resultant aerosol acidity estimates using the same set of aerosol filter
samples. The results mostly exhibited good agreement for major ions
Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="63f11f9b60a09208ebeae789905b238b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00001.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="0aaab3ee324d7a9ba8e4b96f67d8036e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00002.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="310866e2e55ea172cf2d52bb7208ba35"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00003.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and K<span class="inline-formula"><sup>+</sup></span>.
However, F<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, Mg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2+</sup></span> and Ca<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2+</sup></span> were observed with more variations
across the different labs. The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)
data of nonrefractory SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="5471cf9633c00eb7ce2a8165ca87d146"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00004.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="78ed0f7e81615226176402cdd6a1afd5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00005.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c16db94ee77df9d9025be9e40133cdd3"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00006.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> generally correlated very well with the filter-analysis-based data in our
study, but the absolute concentrations differ by up to 42 %. Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span> from
the two methods are correlated, but the concentration differ by more than a
factor of 3. The analyses of certified reference materials (CRMs)
generally showed a good detection accuracy (DA) of all ions in all the labs,
the majority of which ranged between 90 % and 110 %. The DA was also
used to correct the ion concentrations to showcase the importance of using
CRMs for calibration check and quality control. Better agreements were found
for Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9e5c3b810d685753e2e31321de9aeed4"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00007.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9f81e901bf06635e082f559a787da68a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00008.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ca1e5d7760afee3e44e8a000dc336b4d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00009.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and K<span class="inline-formula"><sup>+</sup></span>
across the labs after their concentrations were corrected with DA; the
coefficient of variation (CV) of Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="49798bc14746e7788afe38c7f4bc425f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00010.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00010.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M20" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9a17d6ab4c67d7f6701d29ccd0703b2e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00011.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00011.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>,
NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M21" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="88ab10ad9afc04907954da18d1889ad9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00012.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00012.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and K<span class="inline-formula"><sup>+</sup></span> decreased by 1.7 %, 3.4 %, 3.4 %, 1.2 % and
2.6 %, respectively, after DA correction. We found that the ratio of anion
to cation equivalent concentrations (AE / CE) and ion balance (anions–cations) are not good indicators for aerosol acidity estimates, as the
results in different labs did not agree well with each other. In situ
aerosol pH calculated from the ISORROPIA II thermodynamic equilibrium model
with measured ion and ammonia concentrations showed a similar trend and good
agreement across the 10 labs. Our results indicate that although there are
important uncertainties in aerosol ion concentration measurements, the
estimated aerosol pH from the ISORROPIA II model is more consistent.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:42:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40bce943339a478785ad5f6d66b6d1f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:42:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-40bce943339a478785ad5f6d66b6d1f22022-12-21T17:25:36ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482020-11-01136325634110.5194/amt-13-6325-2020An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimateJ. Xu0S. Song1R. M. Harrison2R. M. Harrison3C. Song4L. Wei5Q. Zhang6Y. Sun7L. Lei8C. Zhang9X. Yao10X. Yao11D. Chen12W. Li13M. Wu14H. Tian15L. Luo16S. Tong17W. Li18J. Wang19G. Shi20Y. Huangfu21Y. Tian22B. Ge23S. Su24C. Peng25Y. Chen26F. Yang27A. Mihajlidi-Zelić28D. Đorđević29S. J. Swift30I. Andrews31J. F. Hamilton32Y. Sun33A. Kramawijaya34J. Han35S. Saksakulkrai36C. Baldo37S. Hou38F. Zheng39K. R. Daellenbach40C. Yan41Y. Liu42M. Kulmala43P. Fu44Z. Shi45School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USASchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKDepartment of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, ChinaInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control & Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control & Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Centre of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Centre of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Centre of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, ChinaResearch Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, ChinaResearch Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, ChinaResearch Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, ChinaCentre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering – ICTM, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12 (Studentski trg 14–16), Belgrade, SerbiaCentre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering – ICTM, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12 (Studentski trg 14–16), Belgrade, SerbiaWolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UKWolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UKWolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UKSchool of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, ChinaSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, ChinaAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, ChinaAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, ChinaAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, ChinaAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, ChinaInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, ChinaSchool of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK<p>Water-soluble inorganic ions such as ammonium, nitrate and sulfate are major components of fine aerosols in the atmosphere and are widely used in the estimation of aerosol acidity. However, different experimental practices and instrumentation may lead to uncertainties in ion concentrations. Here, an intercomparison experiment was conducted in 10 different laboratories (labs) to investigate the consistency of inorganic ion concentrations and resultant aerosol acidity estimates using the same set of aerosol filter samples. The results mostly exhibited good agreement for major ions Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="63f11f9b60a09208ebeae789905b238b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00001.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="0aaab3ee324d7a9ba8e4b96f67d8036e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00002.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="310866e2e55ea172cf2d52bb7208ba35"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00003.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and K<span class="inline-formula"><sup>+</sup></span>. However, F<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, Mg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2+</sup></span> and Ca<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2+</sup></span> were observed with more variations across the different labs. The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) data of nonrefractory SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="5471cf9633c00eb7ce2a8165ca87d146"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00004.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="78ed0f7e81615226176402cdd6a1afd5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00005.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c16db94ee77df9d9025be9e40133cdd3"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00006.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> generally correlated very well with the filter-analysis-based data in our study, but the absolute concentrations differ by up to 42 %. Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span> from the two methods are correlated, but the concentration differ by more than a factor of 3. The analyses of certified reference materials (CRMs) generally showed a good detection accuracy (DA) of all ions in all the labs, the majority of which ranged between 90 % and 110 %. The DA was also used to correct the ion concentrations to showcase the importance of using CRMs for calibration check and quality control. Better agreements were found for Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9e5c3b810d685753e2e31321de9aeed4"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00007.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9f81e901bf06635e082f559a787da68a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00008.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ca1e5d7760afee3e44e8a000dc336b4d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00009.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and K<span class="inline-formula"><sup>+</sup></span> across the labs after their concentrations were corrected with DA; the coefficient of variation (CV) of Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−</sup></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="49798bc14746e7788afe38c7f4bc425f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00010.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00010.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M20" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9a17d6ab4c67d7f6701d29ccd0703b2e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00011.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00011.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M21" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="88ab10ad9afc04907954da18d1889ad9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00012.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-6325-2020-ie00012.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and K<span class="inline-formula"><sup>+</sup></span> decreased by 1.7 %, 3.4 %, 3.4 %, 1.2 % and 2.6 %, respectively, after DA correction. We found that the ratio of anion to cation equivalent concentrations (AE / CE) and ion balance (anions–cations) are not good indicators for aerosol acidity estimates, as the results in different labs did not agree well with each other. In situ aerosol pH calculated from the ISORROPIA II thermodynamic equilibrium model with measured ion and ammonia concentrations showed a similar trend and good agreement across the 10 labs. Our results indicate that although there are important uncertainties in aerosol ion concentration measurements, the estimated aerosol pH from the ISORROPIA II model is more consistent.</p>https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/6325/2020/amt-13-6325-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Xu S. Song R. M. Harrison R. M. Harrison C. Song L. Wei Q. Zhang Y. Sun L. Lei C. Zhang X. Yao X. Yao D. Chen W. Li M. Wu H. Tian L. Luo S. Tong W. Li J. Wang G. Shi Y. Huangfu Y. Tian B. Ge S. Su C. Peng Y. Chen F. Yang A. Mihajlidi-Zelić D. Đorđević S. J. Swift I. Andrews J. F. Hamilton Y. Sun A. Kramawijaya J. Han S. Saksakulkrai C. Baldo S. Hou F. Zheng K. R. Daellenbach C. Yan Y. Liu M. Kulmala P. Fu Z. Shi An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate |
| title_full | An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate |
| title_fullStr | An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate |
| title_full_unstemmed | An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate |
| title_short | An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate |
| title_sort | interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography implications for aerosol ph estimate |
| url | https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/6325/2020/amt-13-6325-2020.pdf |
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