Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene
New psychoactive substances are being used as drugs and appear to be quite popular nowadays. Thanks to their specific properties, these drugs create inimitable experiences for intoxicated people. Synthetic cathinones are the most common compounds in these new drugs. Among them, α-pyrrolidopentadione...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8185 |
| _version_ | 1797549098375577600 |
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| author | Jiri Patocka Bingshu Zhao Wenda Wu Blanka Klimova Martin Valis Eugenie Nepovimova Kamil Kuca |
| author_facet | Jiri Patocka Bingshu Zhao Wenda Wu Blanka Klimova Martin Valis Eugenie Nepovimova Kamil Kuca |
| author_sort | Jiri Patocka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New psychoactive substances are being used as drugs and appear to be quite popular nowadays. Thanks to their specific properties, these drugs create inimitable experiences for intoxicated people. Synthetic cathinones are the most common compounds in these new drugs. Among them, α-pyrrolidopentadione (α-PVP), or “Flakka” (street name), is one of the most famous cathinone-designed drugs. Similar to other synthetic cathinone drugs, α-PVP can effectively inhibit norepinephrine and dopamine transmitters. The adverse reactions of α-PVP mainly include mania, tachycardia, and hallucinations. An increasing number of people are being admitted to emergency wards due to the consequences of their use. This work mainly summarizes the history, synthesis, pharmacology, toxicology, structure–activity relationship, metabolism, clinical process and health risks, poisoning and death, forensic toxicology, and legal status of α-PVP. We hope this review will help bring more attention to the exploration of this substance in order to raise awareness of its negative impacts on humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:09:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40c3e42116e2434fa6a698a6ef88a8e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:09:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-40c3e42116e2434fa6a698a6ef88a8e62023-11-20T19:25:44ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012121818510.3390/ijms21218185Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug SceneJiri Patocka0Bingshu Zhao1Wenda Wu2Blanka Klimova3Martin Valis4Eugenie Nepovimova5Kamil Kuca6Department of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Neurology of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicBiomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicNew psychoactive substances are being used as drugs and appear to be quite popular nowadays. Thanks to their specific properties, these drugs create inimitable experiences for intoxicated people. Synthetic cathinones are the most common compounds in these new drugs. Among them, α-pyrrolidopentadione (α-PVP), or “Flakka” (street name), is one of the most famous cathinone-designed drugs. Similar to other synthetic cathinone drugs, α-PVP can effectively inhibit norepinephrine and dopamine transmitters. The adverse reactions of α-PVP mainly include mania, tachycardia, and hallucinations. An increasing number of people are being admitted to emergency wards due to the consequences of their use. This work mainly summarizes the history, synthesis, pharmacology, toxicology, structure–activity relationship, metabolism, clinical process and health risks, poisoning and death, forensic toxicology, and legal status of α-PVP. We hope this review will help bring more attention to the exploration of this substance in order to raise awareness of its negative impacts on humans.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8185Flakkabath saltssynthetic cathinoneα-pyrrolidinopentiophenone |
| spellingShingle | Jiri Patocka Bingshu Zhao Wenda Wu Blanka Klimova Martin Valis Eugenie Nepovimova Kamil Kuca Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene International Journal of Molecular Sciences Flakka bath salts synthetic cathinone α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone |
| title | Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene |
| title_full | Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene |
| title_fullStr | Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene |
| title_short | Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene |
| title_sort | flakka new dangerous synthetic cathinone on the drug scene |
| topic | Flakka bath salts synthetic cathinone α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8185 |
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