Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Meibomian glands are holocrine meibum secreting glands driving out the oil from the orifice. It forms the outermost lipid layer of the tear film which prevents overflow of tears because of its hydrophobic properties and reduces their evaporation. The deficiency of oily layer of the tea...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| author | Devanshi Smit Mehta Sonal Dhruvpal Sisodiya Harsha Chetan Jani |
| author_facet | Devanshi Smit Mehta Sonal Dhruvpal Sisodiya Harsha Chetan Jani |
| author_sort | Devanshi Smit Mehta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Meibomian glands are holocrine meibum secreting glands driving out the oil from the orifice. It forms the outermost lipid layer of the tear film which prevents overflow of tears because of its hydrophobic properties and reduces their evaporation. The deficiency of oily layer of the tear film leads to evaporative dry eyes and ocular surface diseases. As Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is one of the major causes of evaporative dry eye, with the help of this study, prevalence and association of MGD and dry eye can be evaluated and treated.
Aim: To find out the prevalence and association of MGD and dry eye as well as asymptomatic individuals having MGD and dry eye in 30 to 80 years age group in the region of central Gujarat, Western India.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of a rural tertiary care hospital in central Gujarat, India between February 2020 to February 2021, after taking approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Study included 389 subjects representing rural population of Anand, Gujarat, India. Subjects were asked for symptoms of dry eye according to Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and severity of symptoms was assessed. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination including Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Schirmer’s test, slit lamp examination including conjunctival and corneal surface staining, Tear Film Break Up Time (TBUT), evaluation of meibomian gland orifices, lid margin anatomy, meibum expressibility, quality of meibum, meibomian gland dropouts were done. On the basis of these parameters, diagnosis and grading of MGD and dry eye was done. Subgroups were made according to age, gender, co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disease), cases of any refractive eye surgery, pseudophakic eyes, use of systemic drugs, hormonal pills, topical antiglaucoma drugs and use of contact lens. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics (using Stata software 14.2 version). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the association and Pearson test was applied to assess the correlation of MGD scores and dry eye severity with age.
Results: Overall prevalence of MGD and dry eye were 97.4% and 88.82% respectively. Out of total 389 subjects, 219 (56.3%) participants were asymptomatic. Age was significantly correlated with MGD and dry eye severity. Higher MGD scores were found with increase with dry eye severity. Highest MGD scores were observed when the tear break up time was ≤5 seconds.
Conclusion: The prevalence of MGD and dry eye was high in the region of central Gujarat, India. MGD leads to deficiency of oily layer of the tear film leading to evaporative dry eyes and ocular surface diseases. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-40c5bab3e2724bd3938681c300dce2762023-02-16T11:49:45ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2022-07-01167NC06NC1110.7860/JCDR/2022/52221.16604Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional StudyDevanshi Smit Mehta0Sonal Dhruvpal Sisodiya1Harsha Chetan Jani2Third Year Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, Gujarat, India.Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, Gujarat, India.Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, Gujarat, India.Introduction: Meibomian glands are holocrine meibum secreting glands driving out the oil from the orifice. It forms the outermost lipid layer of the tear film which prevents overflow of tears because of its hydrophobic properties and reduces their evaporation. The deficiency of oily layer of the tear film leads to evaporative dry eyes and ocular surface diseases. As Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is one of the major causes of evaporative dry eye, with the help of this study, prevalence and association of MGD and dry eye can be evaluated and treated. Aim: To find out the prevalence and association of MGD and dry eye as well as asymptomatic individuals having MGD and dry eye in 30 to 80 years age group in the region of central Gujarat, Western India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of a rural tertiary care hospital in central Gujarat, India between February 2020 to February 2021, after taking approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Study included 389 subjects representing rural population of Anand, Gujarat, India. Subjects were asked for symptoms of dry eye according to Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and severity of symptoms was assessed. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination including Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Schirmer’s test, slit lamp examination including conjunctival and corneal surface staining, Tear Film Break Up Time (TBUT), evaluation of meibomian gland orifices, lid margin anatomy, meibum expressibility, quality of meibum, meibomian gland dropouts were done. On the basis of these parameters, diagnosis and grading of MGD and dry eye was done. Subgroups were made according to age, gender, co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disease), cases of any refractive eye surgery, pseudophakic eyes, use of systemic drugs, hormonal pills, topical antiglaucoma drugs and use of contact lens. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics (using Stata software 14.2 version). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the association and Pearson test was applied to assess the correlation of MGD scores and dry eye severity with age. Results: Overall prevalence of MGD and dry eye were 97.4% and 88.82% respectively. Out of total 389 subjects, 219 (56.3%) participants were asymptomatic. Age was significantly correlated with MGD and dry eye severity. Higher MGD scores were found with increase with dry eye severity. Highest MGD scores were observed when the tear break up time was ≤5 seconds. Conclusion: The prevalence of MGD and dry eye was high in the region of central Gujarat, India. MGD leads to deficiency of oily layer of the tear film leading to evaporative dry eyes and ocular surface diseases.https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16604/52221_CE[Ra1]_F[SH]_PF1(AG_SHU)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdfmeibumocular surface disease index questionnairetear film break up time |
| spellingShingle | Devanshi Smit Mehta Sonal Dhruvpal Sisodiya Harsha Chetan Jani Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research meibum ocular surface disease index questionnaire tear film break up time |
| title | Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full | Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_short | Prevalence and Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Dry Eye Severity from a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in Central Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_sort | prevalence and association of meibomian gland dysfunction with dry eye severity from a tertiary care rural hospital in central gujarat a cross sectional study |
| topic | meibum ocular surface disease index questionnaire tear film break up time |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16604/52221_CE[Ra1]_F[SH]_PF1(AG_SHU)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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