Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution
Organ cryopreservation would revolutionize transplantation by overcoming the shelf-life limitations of conventional organ storage. To prepare an organ for cryopreservation, it is first perfused with cryoprotectants (CPAs). These chemicals can enable vitrification during cooling, preventing ice damag...
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| Format: | Article |
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/16323.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827663383416012800 |
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| author | Ross M. Warner Jun Yang Andrew Drake Youngjoo Lee Sarah Nemanic David Scott Adam Z. Higgins |
| author_facet | Ross M. Warner Jun Yang Andrew Drake Youngjoo Lee Sarah Nemanic David Scott Adam Z. Higgins |
| author_sort | Ross M. Warner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organ cryopreservation would revolutionize transplantation by overcoming the shelf-life limitations of conventional organ storage. To prepare an organ for cryopreservation, it is first perfused with cryoprotectants (CPAs). These chemicals can enable vitrification during cooling, preventing ice damage. However, CPAs can also cause toxicity and osmotic damage. It is a major challenge to find the optimal balance between protecting the cells from ice and avoiding CPA-induced damage. In this study, we examined the organ perfusion process to shed light on phenomena relevant to cryopreservation protocol design, including changes in organ size and vascular resistance. In particular, we compared perfusion of kidneys (porcine and human) with CPA in either hypotonic or isotonic vehicle solution. Our results demonstrate that CPA perfusion causes kidney mass changes consistent with the shrink-swell response observed in cells. This response was observed when the kidneys were relatively fresh, but disappeared after prolonged warm and/or cold ischemia. Perfusion with CPA in a hypotonic vehicle solution led to a significant increase in vascular resistance, suggesting reduced capillary diameter due to cell swelling. This could be reversed by switching to perfusion with CPA in isotonic vehicle solution. Hypotonic vehicle solution did not cause notable osmotic damage, as evidenced by low levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the effluent, and it did not have a statistically significant effect on the delivery of CPA into the kidney, as assessed by computed tomography (CT). Overall, our results show that CPA vehicle solution tonicity affects organ size and vascular resistance, which may have important implications for cryopreservation protocol design. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:42:33Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:42:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-40c93c35681f42ff8c4a28a742caea172023-11-23T15:05:04ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-11-0111e1632310.7717/peerj.16323Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solutionRoss M. Warner0Jun Yang1Andrew Drake2Youngjoo Lee3Sarah Nemanic4David Scott5Adam Z. Higgins6School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United StatesSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United StatesSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United StatesSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United StatesVeterinary Radiology Consulting LLC, Lebanon, Oregon, United StatesDepartment of Abdominal Transplantation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United StatesSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United StatesOrgan cryopreservation would revolutionize transplantation by overcoming the shelf-life limitations of conventional organ storage. To prepare an organ for cryopreservation, it is first perfused with cryoprotectants (CPAs). These chemicals can enable vitrification during cooling, preventing ice damage. However, CPAs can also cause toxicity and osmotic damage. It is a major challenge to find the optimal balance between protecting the cells from ice and avoiding CPA-induced damage. In this study, we examined the organ perfusion process to shed light on phenomena relevant to cryopreservation protocol design, including changes in organ size and vascular resistance. In particular, we compared perfusion of kidneys (porcine and human) with CPA in either hypotonic or isotonic vehicle solution. Our results demonstrate that CPA perfusion causes kidney mass changes consistent with the shrink-swell response observed in cells. This response was observed when the kidneys were relatively fresh, but disappeared after prolonged warm and/or cold ischemia. Perfusion with CPA in a hypotonic vehicle solution led to a significant increase in vascular resistance, suggesting reduced capillary diameter due to cell swelling. This could be reversed by switching to perfusion with CPA in isotonic vehicle solution. Hypotonic vehicle solution did not cause notable osmotic damage, as evidenced by low levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the effluent, and it did not have a statistically significant effect on the delivery of CPA into the kidney, as assessed by computed tomography (CT). Overall, our results show that CPA vehicle solution tonicity affects organ size and vascular resistance, which may have important implications for cryopreservation protocol design.https://peerj.com/articles/16323.pdfCryoprotectantVitrificationCryopreservationOsmoticKidneyOrgan |
| spellingShingle | Ross M. Warner Jun Yang Andrew Drake Youngjoo Lee Sarah Nemanic David Scott Adam Z. Higgins Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution PeerJ Cryoprotectant Vitrification Cryopreservation Osmotic Kidney Organ |
| title | Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution |
| title_full | Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution |
| title_fullStr | Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution |
| title_short | Osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution |
| title_sort | osmotic response during kidney perfusion with cryoprotectant in isotonic or hypotonic vehicle solution |
| topic | Cryoprotectant Vitrification Cryopreservation Osmotic Kidney Organ |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/16323.pdf |
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