MiMIF-2 Effector of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Exhibited Enzyme Activities and Potential Roles in Plant Salicylic Acid Synthesis
Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete a series of effectors to promote parasitism by modulating host immunity, but the detailed molecular mechanism is ambiguous. Animal parasites secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-like proteins for evasion of host immune systems, in which their biochem...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/10/3507 |
| Summary: | Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete a series of effectors to promote parasitism by modulating host immunity, but the detailed molecular mechanism is ambiguous. Animal parasites secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-like proteins for evasion of host immune systems, in which their biochemical activities play essential roles. Previous research demonstrated that MiMIF-2 effector was secreted by <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> and modulated host immunity by interacting with annexins. In this study, we show that MiMIF-2 had tautomerase activity and protected nematodes against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> damage. <i>MiMIF-2</i> expression not only decreased the amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation during nematode infection in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, but also suppressed Bax-induced cell death by inhibiting reactive oxygen species burst in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Further, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the expression of some heat-shock proteins was down regulated in <i>MiMIF-2</i> transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i>. After treatment with flg22, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes in <i>MiMIF-2</i> expressing <i>Arabidopsis</i> were pointed to plant hormone signal transduction, compound metabolism and plant defense. RT-qPCR and metabolomic results confirmed that salicylic acid (SA) related marker genes and SA content were significantly decreased. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of how MiMIF-2 modulates plant immunity and broaden knowledge of the intricate relationship between <i>M. incognita</i> and host plants. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |