Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions
The objective of this research was to verify and qualify what has been traditionally taught as fact during first responder's hazardous materials training regarding response precautions to and the likely behaviors of liquid oxygen (LOx) during a release. Subject matter experts disagreed that the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402301681X |
| _version_ | 1797851772003287040 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrew Byrnes Clayton Rawson Brian Patchett Daniel DeMille Merrill Halling |
| author_facet | Andrew Byrnes Clayton Rawson Brian Patchett Daniel DeMille Merrill Halling |
| author_sort | Andrew Byrnes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this research was to verify and qualify what has been traditionally taught as fact during first responder's hazardous materials training regarding response precautions to and the likely behaviors of liquid oxygen (LOx) during a release. Subject matter experts disagreed that these precautions were well-founded in precedent or science. Findings showed that impact pressure causes a reaction in LOx and asphalt under specific conditions. These conditions are not realistic during an emergency response. No reactions were observed by combining LOx with common saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols. No reactions were observed driving fire apparatus through a LOx pool on asphalt. No reactions were observed by combining LOx and combustible materials. No reactions were observed when spark ignition was used as a source for combustion. Pilot ignition sources were introduced directly into a LOx pool on asphalt without a significant reaction. Immediate and violent reactions were observed when pilot ignition or arc ignition was used to initiate combustion when combustible materials were in an ultra-high gaseous or liquid oxygen environment. Without flaming or arc ignition sources, no reactions were observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:22:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40d71374773d4785b535d1a310f3d17f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:22:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-40d71374773d4785b535d1a310f3d17f2023-04-05T08:25:47ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-03-0193e14474Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautionsAndrew Byrnes0Clayton Rawson1Brian Patchett2Daniel DeMille3Merrill Halling4Utah Valley University, Emergency Services, 3131 Mike Jense Parkway, Provo, UT 84601, USA; Corresponding author. Utah Valley University, 3131 Mike Jense Parkway, Provo, UT 84601, USA,Utah Valley University, Chemistry, 800 W. University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USAUtah Valley University, Physics, 800 W. University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USAUtah Valley University, Utah Fire and Rescue Academy, 3131 Mike Jense Parkway, Provo, UT 84601, USAUtah Valley University, Chemistry, 800 W. University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USAThe objective of this research was to verify and qualify what has been traditionally taught as fact during first responder's hazardous materials training regarding response precautions to and the likely behaviors of liquid oxygen (LOx) during a release. Subject matter experts disagreed that these precautions were well-founded in precedent or science. Findings showed that impact pressure causes a reaction in LOx and asphalt under specific conditions. These conditions are not realistic during an emergency response. No reactions were observed by combining LOx with common saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols. No reactions were observed driving fire apparatus through a LOx pool on asphalt. No reactions were observed by combining LOx and combustible materials. No reactions were observed when spark ignition was used as a source for combustion. Pilot ignition sources were introduced directly into a LOx pool on asphalt without a significant reaction. Immediate and violent reactions were observed when pilot ignition or arc ignition was used to initiate combustion when combustible materials were in an ultra-high gaseous or liquid oxygen environment. Without flaming or arc ignition sources, no reactions were observed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402301681Ximpact PressureAdiabaticAsphaltCombustible materialsIgnitionCombustion |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Byrnes Clayton Rawson Brian Patchett Daniel DeMille Merrill Halling Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions Heliyon impact Pressure Adiabatic Asphalt Combustible materials Ignition Combustion |
| title | Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions |
| title_full | Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions |
| title_fullStr | Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions |
| title_short | Oxygen impact and reactivity trials: A new perspective on emergency response precautions |
| title_sort | oxygen impact and reactivity trials a new perspective on emergency response precautions |
| topic | impact Pressure Adiabatic Asphalt Combustible materials Ignition Combustion |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402301681X |
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