How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function
Increasingly, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is being recognized as a sensor for endogenous and pseudo-endogenous metabolites, and in particular microbiota and host generated tryptophan metabolites. One proposed explanation for this is the role of the AHR in innate immune signaling within barri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9614 |
| _version_ | 1797544396726468608 |
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| author | Iain A. Murray Gary H. Perdew |
| author_facet | Iain A. Murray Gary H. Perdew |
| author_sort | Iain A. Murray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasingly, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is being recognized as a sensor for endogenous and pseudo-endogenous metabolites, and in particular microbiota and host generated tryptophan metabolites. One proposed explanation for this is the role of the AHR in innate immune signaling within barrier tissues in response to the presence of microorganisms. A number of cytokine/chemokine genes exhibit a combinatorial increase in transcription upon toll-like receptors and AHR activation, supporting this concept. The AHR also plays a role in the enhanced differentiation of intestinal and dermal epithelium leading to improved barrier function. Importantly, from an evolutionary perspective many of these tryptophan metabolites exhibit greater activation potential for the human AHR when compared to the rodent AHR. These observations underscore the importance of the AHR in barrier tissues and may lead to pharmacologic therapeutic intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:59:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40db0381fe5644a5bd53220934d70b7d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:59:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-40db0381fe5644a5bd53220934d70b7d2023-11-21T01:12:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012124961410.3390/ijms21249614How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological FunctionIain A. Murray0Gary H. Perdew1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAIncreasingly, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is being recognized as a sensor for endogenous and pseudo-endogenous metabolites, and in particular microbiota and host generated tryptophan metabolites. One proposed explanation for this is the role of the AHR in innate immune signaling within barrier tissues in response to the presence of microorganisms. A number of cytokine/chemokine genes exhibit a combinatorial increase in transcription upon toll-like receptors and AHR activation, supporting this concept. The AHR also plays a role in the enhanced differentiation of intestinal and dermal epithelium leading to improved barrier function. Importantly, from an evolutionary perspective many of these tryptophan metabolites exhibit greater activation potential for the human AHR when compared to the rodent AHR. These observations underscore the importance of the AHR in barrier tissues and may lead to pharmacologic therapeutic intervention.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9614AHRAh receptoragonisttryptophancytokinesmicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | Iain A. Murray Gary H. Perdew How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function International Journal of Molecular Sciences AHR Ah receptor agonist tryptophan cytokines microbiome |
| title | How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function |
| title_full | How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function |
| title_fullStr | How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function |
| title_short | How Ah Receptor Ligand Specificity Became Important in Understanding Its Physiological Function |
| title_sort | how ah receptor ligand specificity became important in understanding its physiological function |
| topic | AHR Ah receptor agonist tryptophan cytokines microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9614 |
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