Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials
Achieving good quality of products from plastic injection moulding processes is very challenging, since the process comprises many affecting parameters. Common defects such as warpage are hard to avoid, and the defective parts will eventually go to waste, leading to unnecessary costs to the manufact...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1795 |
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| author | Norshahira Roslan Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Katarzyna Błoch Paweł Pietrusiewicz Marcin Nabiałek Janusz Szmidla Dariusz Kwiatkowski Joel Oliveira Correia Vasco Mohd Nasir Mat Saad Mohd Fathullah Ghazali |
| author_facet | Norshahira Roslan Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Katarzyna Błoch Paweł Pietrusiewicz Marcin Nabiałek Janusz Szmidla Dariusz Kwiatkowski Joel Oliveira Correia Vasco Mohd Nasir Mat Saad Mohd Fathullah Ghazali |
| author_sort | Norshahira Roslan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Achieving good quality of products from plastic injection moulding processes is very challenging, since the process comprises many affecting parameters. Common defects such as warpage are hard to avoid, and the defective parts will eventually go to waste, leading to unnecessary costs to the manufacturer. The use of recycled material from postindustrial waste has been studied by a few researchers. However, the application of an optimisation method by which to optimise processing parameters to mould parts using recycled materials remains lacking. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) methods were conducted on thick plate parts moulded using virgin and recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) materials (100:0, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50; virgin to recycle material ratios) to find the optimal input parameters for each of the material ratios. Shrinkage in the <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> directions increased in correlation with the recycled ratio, compared to virgin material. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the thick plate part continued to decrease when the recycled ratio increased. R30 (70:30) had the optimum shrinkage in the <i>x</i> direction with respect to R0 (100:0) material where the shrinkage increased by 24.49% (RSM) and 33.20% (PSO). On the other hand, the shrinkage in the <i>y</i> direction for R30 material increased by 4.48% (RSM) and decreased by 2.67% (PSO), while the tensile strength of R30 (70:30) material decreased by 0.51% (RSM) and 2.68% (PSO) as compared to R0 (100:0) material. Validation tests indicated that the optimal setting of processing parameter suggested by PSO and RSM for R0 (100:0), R30 (70:30), R40 (60:40) and R50 (50:50) was less than 10%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:35:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40de56231a0b4132a24a12cd475c7e0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:35:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-40de56231a0b4132a24a12cd475c7e0a2023-11-21T14:15:48ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-04-01147179510.3390/ma14071795Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE MaterialsNorshahira Roslan0Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim1Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah2Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah3Katarzyna Błoch4Paweł Pietrusiewicz5Marcin Nabiałek6Janusz Szmidla7Dariusz Kwiatkowski8Joel Oliveira Correia Vasco9Mohd Nasir Mat Saad10Mohd Fathullah Ghazali11Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Pauh Putra Main Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 02600, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Pauh Putra Main Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 02600, MalaysiaLaboratory of Mechanics, Physics and Mathematical Modelling (LMP2M), University of Medea, Medea 26000, AlgeriaCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Processing Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Processing Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Processing Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology and Management (ESTG), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, PortugalFaculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Pauh Putra Main Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 02600, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Pauh Putra Main Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 02600, MalaysiaAchieving good quality of products from plastic injection moulding processes is very challenging, since the process comprises many affecting parameters. Common defects such as warpage are hard to avoid, and the defective parts will eventually go to waste, leading to unnecessary costs to the manufacturer. The use of recycled material from postindustrial waste has been studied by a few researchers. However, the application of an optimisation method by which to optimise processing parameters to mould parts using recycled materials remains lacking. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) methods were conducted on thick plate parts moulded using virgin and recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) materials (100:0, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50; virgin to recycle material ratios) to find the optimal input parameters for each of the material ratios. Shrinkage in the <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> directions increased in correlation with the recycled ratio, compared to virgin material. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the thick plate part continued to decrease when the recycled ratio increased. R30 (70:30) had the optimum shrinkage in the <i>x</i> direction with respect to R0 (100:0) material where the shrinkage increased by 24.49% (RSM) and 33.20% (PSO). On the other hand, the shrinkage in the <i>y</i> direction for R30 material increased by 4.48% (RSM) and decreased by 2.67% (PSO), while the tensile strength of R30 (70:30) material decreased by 0.51% (RSM) and 2.68% (PSO) as compared to R0 (100:0) material. Validation tests indicated that the optimal setting of processing parameter suggested by PSO and RSM for R0 (100:0), R30 (70:30), R40 (60:40) and R50 (50:50) was less than 10%.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1795response surface methodologyparticle swarm optimisationrecycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE)shrinkagestrength |
| spellingShingle | Norshahira Roslan Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Katarzyna Błoch Paweł Pietrusiewicz Marcin Nabiałek Janusz Szmidla Dariusz Kwiatkowski Joel Oliveira Correia Vasco Mohd Nasir Mat Saad Mohd Fathullah Ghazali Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials Materials response surface methodology particle swarm optimisation recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) shrinkage strength |
| title | Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials |
| title_full | Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials |
| title_fullStr | Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials |
| title_short | Optimisation of Shrinkage and Strength on Thick Plate Part Using Recycled LDPE Materials |
| title_sort | optimisation of shrinkage and strength on thick plate part using recycled ldpe materials |
| topic | response surface methodology particle swarm optimisation recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) shrinkage strength |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1795 |
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