National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments
Geochemical baselines are crucial to explore mineral resources and monitor environmental changes. This study presents the first Laos geochemical baseline values of 69 elements. The National-scale Geochemical Mapping Project of Lao People’s Democratic Republic conducted comprehensive stream sediment...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1360 |
| _version_ | 1797467164899278848 |
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| author | Wei Wang Xueqiu Wang Bimin Zhang Qiang Wang Dongsheng Liu Zhixuan Han Sounthone LAOLO Phomsylalai SOUKSAN Hanliang Liu Jian Zhou Xinbin Cheng Lanshi Nie |
| author_facet | Wei Wang Xueqiu Wang Bimin Zhang Qiang Wang Dongsheng Liu Zhixuan Han Sounthone LAOLO Phomsylalai SOUKSAN Hanliang Liu Jian Zhou Xinbin Cheng Lanshi Nie |
| author_sort | Wei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geochemical baselines are crucial to explore mineral resources and monitor environmental changes. This study presents the first Laos geochemical baseline values of 69 elements. The National-scale Geochemical Mapping Project of Lao People’s Democratic Republic conducted comprehensive stream sediment sampling across Laos, yielding 2079 samples collected at 1 sample/100 km<sup>2</sup>, and 69 elements were analyzed. Based on the results of LGB value, R-mode factor analysis, and scatter plot analysis, this paper analyzes the relationship between the 69 elements and the geological background, mineralization, hypergene processes and human activities in the study area. The median values of element contents related to the average crustal values were: As, B, Br, Cs, Hf, Li, N, Pb, Sb, Zr, and SiO<sub>2</sub>, >1.3 times; Ba, Be, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, S, Sc, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn, Eu, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Tot.Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> MgO, CaO, and Na<sub>2</sub>O, <0.7 times; and Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Ge, Hg, I, In, Nb, P, Rb, Se, Sn, Ta, Th, U, W, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and K<sub>2</sub>O, 0.7–1.3 times. R-mode factor analysis based on principal component analysis and varimax rotation showed that they fall into 12 factors related to bedrock, (rare earth, ferrum-group, and major Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O elements; mineralization–Au, Sb, and As) and farming activities–N, Br, S, and C). This study provides basic geochemical data for many fields, including basic geology, mineral exploration, environmental protection and agricultural production in Laos. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:48:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40e09948e48e4b95a326adc0af7676a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:48:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-40e09948e48e4b95a326adc0af7676a52023-11-24T05:58:09ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-10-011211136010.3390/min12111360National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream SedimentsWei Wang0Xueqiu Wang1Bimin Zhang2Qiang Wang3Dongsheng Liu4Zhixuan Han5Sounthone LAOLO6Phomsylalai SOUKSAN7Hanliang Liu8Jian Zhou9Xinbin Cheng10Lanshi Nie11Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources by the Province and Ministry, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vientiane 01000, LaosMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vientiane 01000, LaosKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaBeijing Institute of Geological Survey, Beijing 100195, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, ChinaGeochemical baselines are crucial to explore mineral resources and monitor environmental changes. This study presents the first Laos geochemical baseline values of 69 elements. The National-scale Geochemical Mapping Project of Lao People’s Democratic Republic conducted comprehensive stream sediment sampling across Laos, yielding 2079 samples collected at 1 sample/100 km<sup>2</sup>, and 69 elements were analyzed. Based on the results of LGB value, R-mode factor analysis, and scatter plot analysis, this paper analyzes the relationship between the 69 elements and the geological background, mineralization, hypergene processes and human activities in the study area. The median values of element contents related to the average crustal values were: As, B, Br, Cs, Hf, Li, N, Pb, Sb, Zr, and SiO<sub>2</sub>, >1.3 times; Ba, Be, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, S, Sc, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn, Eu, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Tot.Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> MgO, CaO, and Na<sub>2</sub>O, <0.7 times; and Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Ge, Hg, I, In, Nb, P, Rb, Se, Sn, Ta, Th, U, W, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and K<sub>2</sub>O, 0.7–1.3 times. R-mode factor analysis based on principal component analysis and varimax rotation showed that they fall into 12 factors related to bedrock, (rare earth, ferrum-group, and major Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O elements; mineralization–Au, Sb, and As) and farming activities–N, Br, S, and C). This study provides basic geochemical data for many fields, including basic geology, mineral exploration, environmental protection and agricultural production in Laos.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1360Laosnational scalegeochemical baseline69 elementsstream sediment |
| spellingShingle | Wei Wang Xueqiu Wang Bimin Zhang Qiang Wang Dongsheng Liu Zhixuan Han Sounthone LAOLO Phomsylalai SOUKSAN Hanliang Liu Jian Zhou Xinbin Cheng Lanshi Nie National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments Minerals Laos national scale geochemical baseline 69 elements stream sediment |
| title | National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments |
| title_full | National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments |
| title_fullStr | National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments |
| title_full_unstemmed | National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments |
| title_short | National-Scale Geochemical Baseline of 69 Elements in Laos Stream Sediments |
| title_sort | national scale geochemical baseline of 69 elements in laos stream sediments |
| topic | Laos national scale geochemical baseline 69 elements stream sediment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1360 |
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