Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock
For the first time, chromium disulphides, known from meteorites, such as caswellsilverite, NaCrS<sub>2</sub>; grokhovskyite, CuCrS<sub>2</sub>; and a potentially new mineral, AgCrS<sub>2</sub>, as well as the products of their alteration, such as schöllhornite, Na...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/381 |
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| author | Evgeny V. Galuskin Irina O. Galuskina Yevgeny Vapnik Grzegorz Zieliński |
| author_facet | Evgeny V. Galuskin Irina O. Galuskina Yevgeny Vapnik Grzegorz Zieliński |
| author_sort | Evgeny V. Galuskin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For the first time, chromium disulphides, known from meteorites, such as caswellsilverite, NaCrS<sub>2</sub>; grokhovskyite, CuCrS<sub>2</sub>; and a potentially new mineral, AgCrS<sub>2</sub>, as well as the products of their alteration, such as schöllhornite, Na<sub>0.3</sub>CrS<sub>2</sub>∙H<sub>2</sub>O, and a potentially new mineral with the formula {Fe<sub>0.3</sub>(Ba,Ca)<sub>0.2</sub>} CrS<sub>2</sub>·0.5H<sub>2</sub>O, have been found in terrestrial rock. Layered chromium disulphides were found in unusual phosphide-bearing breccia of the pyrometamorphic Hatrurim Complex in the Negev Desert, Israel. The chromium disulphides belong to the central fragment of porous gehlenite paralava cementing altered host rock clasts. The empirical formula of caswellsilverite is (Na<sub>0.77</sub>Sr<sub>0.03</sub>Ca<sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>Σ0.81</sub>(Cr<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.79</sub>Cr<sup>4+</sup><sub>0.18</sub>V<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.01</sub> Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>Σ0.99</sub>S<sub>2</sub>·0.1H<sub>2</sub>O, and the end-member content of NaCrS<sub>2</sub> is 76%. It forms single crystals in altered pyrrhotite aggregates. Grokhovskyite has the empirical formula {Cu<sup>+</sup><sub>0.84</sub>Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.10</sub>Ca<sub>0.06</sub> Na<sub>0.01</sub> Sr<sub>0.01</sub>Ba<sub>0.01</sub>}<sub>Σ1.03</sub>(Cr<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.94</sub> Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.05</sub> V<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>Σ1.00</sub>S<sub>2</sub>·0.35H<sub>2</sub>O, and the CuCrS<sub>2</sub> end-member content is 75–80%. A potentially new Ag-bearing chromium disulphide is characterised by the composition (Ag<sub>0.89</sub>Cu<sub>0.07</sub>)<sub>Σ0.96</sub>(Cr<sub>0.98</sub> Fe<sub>0.03</sub>V<sub>0.01</sub>Ni<sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>Σ1.04</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. Caswellsilverite, grokhovskyite and AgCrS<sub>2</sub> form in gehlenite paralava at high temperatures (near 1000 °C) and low pressure under reducing conditions. The structure of the layered chromium disulphides, <i>M</i>CrS<sub>2</sub>, is characterised by the presence of hexagonal octahedral layers (CrS<sub>2</sub>)<sup>1−</sup>, between which <i>M</i>-sites of the monovalent cations Ag, Cu and Na set. A low-temperature alteration of the layered chromium disulphides, when schöllhornite and {Fe<sub>0.3</sub>(Ba,Ca)<sub>0.2</sub>}CrS<sub>2</sub>·0.5H<sub>2</sub>O form, is reflected in the composition and structural modification of the layer with monovalent cations, whereas the octahedral layer (CrS<sub>2</sub>)<sup>1−</sup> remains unchanged. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:10Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-40e4f62736d942f5b957db6780c866682023-11-17T12:47:48ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-03-0113338110.3390/min13030381Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial RockEvgeny V. Galuskin0Irina O. Galuskina1Yevgeny Vapnik2Grzegorz Zieliński3Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, IsraelPolish Geological Institute—National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, PolandFor the first time, chromium disulphides, known from meteorites, such as caswellsilverite, NaCrS<sub>2</sub>; grokhovskyite, CuCrS<sub>2</sub>; and a potentially new mineral, AgCrS<sub>2</sub>, as well as the products of their alteration, such as schöllhornite, Na<sub>0.3</sub>CrS<sub>2</sub>∙H<sub>2</sub>O, and a potentially new mineral with the formula {Fe<sub>0.3</sub>(Ba,Ca)<sub>0.2</sub>} CrS<sub>2</sub>·0.5H<sub>2</sub>O, have been found in terrestrial rock. Layered chromium disulphides were found in unusual phosphide-bearing breccia of the pyrometamorphic Hatrurim Complex in the Negev Desert, Israel. The chromium disulphides belong to the central fragment of porous gehlenite paralava cementing altered host rock clasts. The empirical formula of caswellsilverite is (Na<sub>0.77</sub>Sr<sub>0.03</sub>Ca<sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>Σ0.81</sub>(Cr<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.79</sub>Cr<sup>4+</sup><sub>0.18</sub>V<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.01</sub> Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>Σ0.99</sub>S<sub>2</sub>·0.1H<sub>2</sub>O, and the end-member content of NaCrS<sub>2</sub> is 76%. It forms single crystals in altered pyrrhotite aggregates. Grokhovskyite has the empirical formula {Cu<sup>+</sup><sub>0.84</sub>Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.10</sub>Ca<sub>0.06</sub> Na<sub>0.01</sub> Sr<sub>0.01</sub>Ba<sub>0.01</sub>}<sub>Σ1.03</sub>(Cr<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.94</sub> Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.05</sub> V<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>Σ1.00</sub>S<sub>2</sub>·0.35H<sub>2</sub>O, and the CuCrS<sub>2</sub> end-member content is 75–80%. A potentially new Ag-bearing chromium disulphide is characterised by the composition (Ag<sub>0.89</sub>Cu<sub>0.07</sub>)<sub>Σ0.96</sub>(Cr<sub>0.98</sub> Fe<sub>0.03</sub>V<sub>0.01</sub>Ni<sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>Σ1.04</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. Caswellsilverite, grokhovskyite and AgCrS<sub>2</sub> form in gehlenite paralava at high temperatures (near 1000 °C) and low pressure under reducing conditions. The structure of the layered chromium disulphides, <i>M</i>CrS<sub>2</sub>, is characterised by the presence of hexagonal octahedral layers (CrS<sub>2</sub>)<sup>1−</sup>, between which <i>M</i>-sites of the monovalent cations Ag, Cu and Na set. A low-temperature alteration of the layered chromium disulphides, when schöllhornite and {Fe<sub>0.3</sub>(Ba,Ca)<sub>0.2</sub>}CrS<sub>2</sub>·0.5H<sub>2</sub>O form, is reflected in the composition and structural modification of the layer with monovalent cations, whereas the octahedral layer (CrS<sub>2</sub>)<sup>1−</sup> remains unchanged.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/381layered chromium disulfidescaswellsilveritegrokhovskyiteschöllhornitecompositionRaman |
| spellingShingle | Evgeny V. Galuskin Irina O. Galuskina Yevgeny Vapnik Grzegorz Zieliński Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock Minerals layered chromium disulfides caswellsilverite grokhovskyite schöllhornite composition Raman |
| title | Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock |
| title_full | Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock |
| title_fullStr | Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock |
| title_short | Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides <i>A</i>CrS<sub>2</sub> (<i>A</i> = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock |
| title_sort | discovery of meteoritic layered disulphides i a i crs sub 2 sub i a i na cu ag in terrestrial rock |
| topic | layered chromium disulfides caswellsilverite grokhovskyite schöllhornite composition Raman |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/381 |
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