Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models
We present an updated version of Lightning , a galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code that can model X-ray to submillimeter observations. The models in Lightning include the options to contain contributions from stellar populations, dust attenuation and emission, and active galactic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/accc29 |
| _version_ | 1827829959517798400 |
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| author | Keith Doore Erik B. Monson Rafael T. Eufrasio Bret D. Lehmer Kristen Garofali Antara Basu-Zych |
| author_facet | Keith Doore Erik B. Monson Rafael T. Eufrasio Bret D. Lehmer Kristen Garofali Antara Basu-Zych |
| author_sort | Keith Doore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present an updated version of Lightning , a galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code that can model X-ray to submillimeter observations. The models in Lightning include the options to contain contributions from stellar populations, dust attenuation and emission, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). X-ray emission, when utilized, can be modeled as originating from stellar compact binary populations with the option to include emission from AGNs. We have also included a variety of algorithms to fit the models to observations and sample parameter posteriors; these include adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), affine-invariant MCMC, and Levenberg–Marquardt gradient-descent ( MPFIT ) algorithms. To demonstrate some of the capabilities of Lightning , we present several examples using a variety of observational data. These examples include (1) deriving the spatially resolved stellar properties of the nearby galaxy M81, (2) demonstrating how X-ray emission can provide constraints on the properties of the supermassive black hole of a distant AGN, (3) exploring how to rectify the attenuation effects of inclination on the derived the star formation rate of the edge-on galaxy NGC 4631, (4) comparing the performance of Lightning to similar Bayesian SED-fitting codes when deriving physical properties of the star-forming galaxy NGC 628, and (5) comparing the derived X-ray and UV-to-IR AGN properties from Lightning and CIGALE for a distant AGN. Lightning is an open-source application developed in IDL and is available at https://github.com/rafaeleufrasio/lightning . |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:13:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40e6294df0b243018688c11fd991c43d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0067-0049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:13:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| spelling | doaj.art-40e6294df0b243018688c11fd991c43d2023-09-03T10:48:18ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492023-01-0126623910.3847/1538-4365/accc29Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN ModelsKeith Doore0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-4016Erik B. Monson1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-5140Rafael T. Eufrasio2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-1796Bret D. Lehmer3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-3296Kristen Garofali4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-8689Antara Basu-Zych5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-4920Department of Physics, University of Arkansas , 226 Physics Building, 825 West Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA ; kjdoore@uark.eduDepartment of Physics, University of Arkansas , 226 Physics Building, 825 West Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA ; kjdoore@uark.eduDepartment of Physics, University of Arkansas , 226 Physics Building, 825 West Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA ; kjdoore@uark.eduDepartment of Physics, University of Arkansas , 226 Physics Building, 825 West Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA ; kjdoore@uark.eduNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAWe present an updated version of Lightning , a galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code that can model X-ray to submillimeter observations. The models in Lightning include the options to contain contributions from stellar populations, dust attenuation and emission, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). X-ray emission, when utilized, can be modeled as originating from stellar compact binary populations with the option to include emission from AGNs. We have also included a variety of algorithms to fit the models to observations and sample parameter posteriors; these include adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), affine-invariant MCMC, and Levenberg–Marquardt gradient-descent ( MPFIT ) algorithms. To demonstrate some of the capabilities of Lightning , we present several examples using a variety of observational data. These examples include (1) deriving the spatially resolved stellar properties of the nearby galaxy M81, (2) demonstrating how X-ray emission can provide constraints on the properties of the supermassive black hole of a distant AGN, (3) exploring how to rectify the attenuation effects of inclination on the derived the star formation rate of the edge-on galaxy NGC 4631, (4) comparing the performance of Lightning to similar Bayesian SED-fitting codes when deriving physical properties of the star-forming galaxy NGC 628, and (5) comparing the derived X-ray and UV-to-IR AGN properties from Lightning and CIGALE for a distant AGN. Lightning is an open-source application developed in IDL and is available at https://github.com/rafaeleufrasio/lightning .https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/accc29Extragalactic astronomyGalaxy propertiesStar formationSpectral energy distribution |
| spellingShingle | Keith Doore Erik B. Monson Rafael T. Eufrasio Bret D. Lehmer Kristen Garofali Antara Basu-Zych Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Extragalactic astronomy Galaxy properties Star formation Spectral energy distribution |
| title | Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models |
| title_full | Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models |
| title_fullStr | Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models |
| title_short | Lightning: An X-Ray to Submillimeter Galaxy SED-fitting Code with Physically Motivated Stellar, Dust, and AGN Models |
| title_sort | lightning an x ray to submillimeter galaxy sed fitting code with physically motivated stellar dust and agn models |
| topic | Extragalactic astronomy Galaxy properties Star formation Spectral energy distribution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/accc29 |
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