Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods on Cervico-Vaginal Cytology
Introduction: The vaginal flora of healthy adult women of reproductive age group constitutes predominantly Lactobacilli which inhibits the growth of other microorganisms (by maintaining acidic pH). The vaginal microflora is altered in favour of anaerobes in women using Intra Uterine Contraceptiv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/10219/28213_CE[Ra]_F(Sh)_PF1(PrG_SS)_PFA(P_PrG).pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: The vaginal flora of healthy adult women of
reproductive age group constitutes predominantly Lactobacilli
which inhibits the growth of other microorganisms (by
maintaining acidic pH). The vaginal microflora is altered in
favour of anaerobes in women using Intra Uterine Contraceptive
Device (IUCD). Also, it can cause morphologic changes in both
squamous and endocervical columnar cells. Similarly, the
prevalence of vaginal lactobacilli is reduced among women
using diaphragm-spermicide or spermicide alone.
Aim: To study the effects of different contraceptive methods on
cervical cytology and vaginal flora.
Materials and Methods: Two years prospective study included
120 women of reproductive age group using barrier, tubal
ligation, IUCDs, Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) and injectable
methods of contraception and a control group including 60
women not using any contraceptive. Cervical and vaginal
smears were obtained. Cervical smears were reported using
the Bethesda system and Gram stained vaginal smears were
scored using Nugent scoring. SPSS (Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences) software for Windows Version 19.0 and test of
significance applied was Chi-square test.
Results: The most common contraception used was barrier
(68.3%) followed by tubal ligation (14.2%), IUCD (9.2%), OCPs
(6.6%) and injectable (1.7%). The presenting complaints were
pain lower abdomen (46.7%) followed by menstrual complaints
(22.5%). Epithelium showed reactive changes (45%) followed
by metaplasia (25%), koilocytotic change (5%), cytolytic effect
(5%) and satellitosis (4.2%). Women showed normal flora in
51.7%, altered in 30% and bacterial vaginosis in 18.3%.
Conclusion: Cervico-vaginal changes were more frequent in
contraceptive users as compared to the control group. |
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| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |