Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the third most frequently diagnosed intracranial tumors, with nonfunctioning PitNETs (nfPitNETs) accounting for 30% of all pituitary tumors and representing the most common type of macroPitNETs. NfPitNETs are usually benign tumors with no evidence of hor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Endocrine Society
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-enm.org/upload/pdf/enm-2023-1838.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797369719407247360 |
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| author | Elizabeth Whyte Masahiro Nezu Constance Chik Toru Tateno |
| author_facet | Elizabeth Whyte Masahiro Nezu Constance Chik Toru Tateno |
| author_sort | Elizabeth Whyte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the third most frequently diagnosed intracranial tumors, with nonfunctioning PitNETs (nfPitNETs) accounting for 30% of all pituitary tumors and representing the most common type of macroPitNETs. NfPitNETs are usually benign tumors with no evidence of hormone oversecretion except for hyperprolactinemia secondary to pituitary stalk compression. Due to this, they do not typically present with clinical syndromes like acromegaly, Cushing’s disease or hyperthyroidism and instead are identified incidentally on imaging or from symptoms of mass effects (headache, vision changes, apoplexy). With the lack of effective medical interventions, first-line treatment is transsphenoidal surgical resection, however, nfPitNETs often have supra- or parasellar extension, and total resection of the tumor is often not possible, resulting in residual tumor regrowth or reoccurrence. While functional PitNETs can be easily followed for recurrence using hormonal biomarkers, there is no similar parameter to predict recurrence in nfPitNETs, hence delaying early recognition and timely management. Therefore, there is a need to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used for patient surveillance and as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on summarizing the current evidence on nfPitNETs, with a special focus on potential new biomarkers and therapeutics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:50:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-40ffe20336ac4239a1026400b3d54d46 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-596X 2093-5978 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:50:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Korean Endocrine Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-40ffe20336ac4239a1026400b3d54d462024-01-02T08:10:38ZengKorean Endocrine SocietyEndocrinology and Metabolism2093-596X2093-59782023-12-0138663165410.3803/EnM.2023.18382438Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine TumorsElizabeth Whyte0Masahiro Nezu1Constance Chik2Toru Tateno Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaPituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the third most frequently diagnosed intracranial tumors, with nonfunctioning PitNETs (nfPitNETs) accounting for 30% of all pituitary tumors and representing the most common type of macroPitNETs. NfPitNETs are usually benign tumors with no evidence of hormone oversecretion except for hyperprolactinemia secondary to pituitary stalk compression. Due to this, they do not typically present with clinical syndromes like acromegaly, Cushing’s disease or hyperthyroidism and instead are identified incidentally on imaging or from symptoms of mass effects (headache, vision changes, apoplexy). With the lack of effective medical interventions, first-line treatment is transsphenoidal surgical resection, however, nfPitNETs often have supra- or parasellar extension, and total resection of the tumor is often not possible, resulting in residual tumor regrowth or reoccurrence. While functional PitNETs can be easily followed for recurrence using hormonal biomarkers, there is no similar parameter to predict recurrence in nfPitNETs, hence delaying early recognition and timely management. Therefore, there is a need to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used for patient surveillance and as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on summarizing the current evidence on nfPitNETs, with a special focus on potential new biomarkers and therapeutics.http://www.e-enm.org/upload/pdf/enm-2023-1838.pdfnon-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumorsbiomarkersmedical treatmentpituitary surgeryendocrine care |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth Whyte Masahiro Nezu Constance Chik Toru Tateno Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors Endocrinology and Metabolism non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers medical treatment pituitary surgery endocrine care |
| title | Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| title_full | Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| title_fullStr | Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| title_short | Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| title_sort | update on current evidence for the diagnosis and management of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors |
| topic | non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers medical treatment pituitary surgery endocrine care |
| url | http://www.e-enm.org/upload/pdf/enm-2023-1838.pdf |
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