Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling
While diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-DRIFTS) has been established as a viable low-cost surrogate for traditional soil analyses, the assumed need for fine milling of soil samples prior to analysis is constraining the commercial appeal of this technology. Here, we...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Soil Security |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000217 |
| _version_ | 1797390336078643200 |
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| author | Jonathan Sanderman Colleen Smith José Lucas Safanelli Cristine L.S. Morgan Jason Ackerson Nathaniel Looker Cara Mathers Rebecca Keating Ashok A. Kumar |
| author_facet | Jonathan Sanderman Colleen Smith José Lucas Safanelli Cristine L.S. Morgan Jason Ackerson Nathaniel Looker Cara Mathers Rebecca Keating Ashok A. Kumar |
| author_sort | Jonathan Sanderman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-DRIFTS) has been established as a viable low-cost surrogate for traditional soil analyses, the assumed need for fine milling of soil samples prior to analysis is constraining the commercial appeal of this technology. Here, we reevaluate this assumption using a set of 2380 soil samples collected across North American agricultural soils. Cross-validation indicated that the best preprocessing (standard normal variate) and model form (memory-based learning) resulted in very good and nearly identical predictions for the <2 mm preparation and fine-milled preparation of these soils for total organic carbon (TOC), clay, sand, pH and bulk density (BD). Application of larger models built from the USDA NRCS mid-DRIFTS library also resulted in minimal performance differences between the two sample preps. Lower predictive performance of the existing library was attributed to less-than-perfect spectral representativeness of the library. Regardless of model form, there was very little variability between replicates of the <2 mm prep, suggesting that the lack of fine milling did not lead to more heterogeneous subsamples. Additionally, there was no relationship between residual error and soil texture, implying these results should be robust across most soil types. Overall, in agreement with other recent findings, these results suggest that routine scanning of standard <2 mm preparation does not degrade predictive performance of mid-DRIFTS-based inference systems. With good standard operating procedures including quality control and traditional analysis on a small percent of samples, mid-DRIFTS can become a routine tool in commercial soil laboratories. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:10:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-410fdb1f2da04f5c93e5878fd065cdd5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-0062 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:10:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Soil Security |
| spelling | doaj.art-410fdb1f2da04f5c93e5878fd065cdd52023-12-15T07:26:57ZengElsevierSoil Security2667-00622023-12-0113100104Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine millingJonathan Sanderman0Colleen Smith1José Lucas Safanelli2Cristine L.S. Morgan3Jason Ackerson4Nathaniel Looker5Cara Mathers6Rebecca Keating7Ashok A. Kumar8Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth MA 02540 USA; Corresponding author.Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth MA 02540 USAWoodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth MA 02540 USASoil Health Institute, Morrisville, NC 27560 USASoil Health Institute, Morrisville, NC 27560 USASoil Health Institute, Morrisville, NC 27560 USAIndigo Ag, Boston MA 02129 USAIndigo Ag, Boston MA 02129 USAIndigo Ag, Boston MA 02129 USAWhile diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-DRIFTS) has been established as a viable low-cost surrogate for traditional soil analyses, the assumed need for fine milling of soil samples prior to analysis is constraining the commercial appeal of this technology. Here, we reevaluate this assumption using a set of 2380 soil samples collected across North American agricultural soils. Cross-validation indicated that the best preprocessing (standard normal variate) and model form (memory-based learning) resulted in very good and nearly identical predictions for the <2 mm preparation and fine-milled preparation of these soils for total organic carbon (TOC), clay, sand, pH and bulk density (BD). Application of larger models built from the USDA NRCS mid-DRIFTS library also resulted in minimal performance differences between the two sample preps. Lower predictive performance of the existing library was attributed to less-than-perfect spectral representativeness of the library. Regardless of model form, there was very little variability between replicates of the <2 mm prep, suggesting that the lack of fine milling did not lead to more heterogeneous subsamples. Additionally, there was no relationship between residual error and soil texture, implying these results should be robust across most soil types. Overall, in agreement with other recent findings, these results suggest that routine scanning of standard <2 mm preparation does not degrade predictive performance of mid-DRIFTS-based inference systems. With good standard operating procedures including quality control and traditional analysis on a small percent of samples, mid-DRIFTS can become a routine tool in commercial soil laboratories.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000217Soil spectroscopyLaboratory analysisChemometricsSoil carbonSoil texture |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan Sanderman Colleen Smith José Lucas Safanelli Cristine L.S. Morgan Jason Ackerson Nathaniel Looker Cara Mathers Rebecca Keating Ashok A. Kumar Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling Soil Security Soil spectroscopy Laboratory analysis Chemometrics Soil carbon Soil texture |
| title | Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling |
| title_full | Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling |
| title_fullStr | Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling |
| title_short | Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling |
| title_sort | diffuse reflectance mid infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling |
| topic | Soil spectroscopy Laboratory analysis Chemometrics Soil carbon Soil texture |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000217 |
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