| Summary: | 为促进油茶产业高质量发展，丰富我国食用植物油供给体系，根据2010—2020年的数据，采用综合比较优势法分析我国16个油茶生产区域的比较优势，对其影响因素进行研究，并提出相应的提质增产的建议。结果表明：2010—2020年，中国油茶生产规模呈现出东西部增长，中部下降的特征；中国16个油茶生产区域生产规模优势总体波动较小，效率优势呈先降后升趋势，效益优势、综合比较优势总体呈下跌状态。根据油茶生产区域的规模、效率、效益优势情况，将16个油茶生产区域划分为“三高省区”“规模优势省区”“效率优势省区”等7种类型，其中湖南、江西、浙江属于“三高省区”，广东、广西、福建属于“规模优势和效率优势双高省区”，云南属于“规模优势省区”，湖北、海南、江苏属于“效率优势和效益优势双高省区”，贵州、陕西属于“效率优势省区”，安徽属于“效益优势省区”，四川、重庆、河南属于“三低省区”。各省区油茶生产受自然资源禀赋、科技水平、市场、政策等因素影响，建议通过优化种植区域布局、完善油茶市场体制、加速新品种研发、提高机械化程度等措施进一步缩小油茶生产区域间的优势差异。In order to promote the high-quality development of the Camellia oleifera industry and enrich China′s edible vegetable oil supply system, according to data from 2010 to 2020, the comparative advantage of 16 Camellia oleifera production areas in China was analyzed using the comprehensive comparative advantage method, and the influencing factors were studied. Corresponding suggestions to improve quality and increase production were proposed. The results showed that from 2010 to 2020, the production of Camellia oleifera in China showed the characteristics of "increasing in the East and West", "decreasing in the Middle". The scale advantage of China′s 16 Camellia oleifera production areas fluctuated slightly in general, the efficiency advantage first decreased and then increased, and the benefit advantage and comprehensive advantage generally declined. According to the scale, efficiency and benefit advantages of Camellia oleifera production areas, the 16 Camellia oleifera production provinces(regions) were divided into seven types, in which Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang belonged to the "Three High Provinces"; Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian belonged to the "Dual High Provinces with Scale and Efficiency Advantages"; Yunnan belonged to the "Scale Advantage Province"; Hubei, Hainan, and Jiangsu belonged to the "Dual High Provinces with Efficiency and Benefit Advantages"; Guizhou and Shaanxi belonged to the "Efficiency Advantage Province"; Anhui belonged to the "Benefit Advantage Province"; Sichuan, Chongqing, and Henan belonged to the "Three Low Provinces". The production in the Camellia oleifera was influenced by natural resource endowment, technological level, market factors, and policy factors. The advantageous differences between production areas can be reduced by optimizing the layout of planting areas, improving the Camellia oleifera market system, accelerating the development of new varieties, and improving the degree of mechanization.
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