Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are well recognized as a major immune treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers. However, for colorectal cancer (CRC), ICIs are only approved for the treatment of Mismatch-Repair-Deficient and Microsatellite Instability-High (dMMR/MSI-H) tumors. For t...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/9/2241 |
| _version_ | 1797505385064562688 |
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| author | Nicolas Huyghe Elena Benidovskaya Philippe Stevens Marc Van den Eynde |
| author_facet | Nicolas Huyghe Elena Benidovskaya Philippe Stevens Marc Van den Eynde |
| author_sort | Nicolas Huyghe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are well recognized as a major immune treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers. However, for colorectal cancer (CRC), ICIs are only approved for the treatment of Mismatch-Repair-Deficient and Microsatellite Instability-High (dMMR/MSI-H) tumors. For the vast majority of CRC, that are not dMMR/MSI-H, ICIs alone provide limited to no clinical benefit. This discrepancy of response between CRC and other solid cancers suggests that CRC may be inherently resistant to ICIs alone. In translational research, efforts are underway to thoroughly characterize the immune microenvironment of CRC to better understand the mechanisms behind this resistance and to find new biomarkers of response. In the clinic, trials are being set up to study biomarkers along with treatments targeting newly discovered immune checkpoint molecules or treatments combining ICIs with other existing therapies to improve response in MSS CRC. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics of response and resistance to ICIs in CRC, and discuss promising biomarkers studied in recent clinical trials combining ICIs with other therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:17:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4113bcfa3ee9410182647e0172a732c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:17:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4113bcfa3ee9410182647e0172a732c72023-11-23T07:56:50ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-04-01149224110.3390/cancers14092241Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized MedicineNicolas Huyghe0Elena Benidovskaya1Philippe Stevens2Marc Van den Eynde3Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, BelgiumInstitut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, BelgiumInstitut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, BelgiumInstitut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, BelgiumImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are well recognized as a major immune treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers. However, for colorectal cancer (CRC), ICIs are only approved for the treatment of Mismatch-Repair-Deficient and Microsatellite Instability-High (dMMR/MSI-H) tumors. For the vast majority of CRC, that are not dMMR/MSI-H, ICIs alone provide limited to no clinical benefit. This discrepancy of response between CRC and other solid cancers suggests that CRC may be inherently resistant to ICIs alone. In translational research, efforts are underway to thoroughly characterize the immune microenvironment of CRC to better understand the mechanisms behind this resistance and to find new biomarkers of response. In the clinic, trials are being set up to study biomarkers along with treatments targeting newly discovered immune checkpoint molecules or treatments combining ICIs with other existing therapies to improve response in MSS CRC. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics of response and resistance to ICIs in CRC, and discuss promising biomarkers studied in recent clinical trials combining ICIs with other therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/9/2241colorectal cancerimmunotherapyImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsimmune checkpoint resistanceimmune microenvironmentbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Nicolas Huyghe Elena Benidovskaya Philippe Stevens Marc Van den Eynde Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine Cancers colorectal cancer immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors immune checkpoint resistance immune microenvironment biomarker |
| title | Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine |
| title_full | Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine |
| title_short | Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: Toward a New Personalized Medicine |
| title_sort | biomarkers of response and resistance to immunotherapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer toward a new personalized medicine |
| topic | colorectal cancer immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors immune checkpoint resistance immune microenvironment biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/9/2241 |
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