Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) use genetic polymorphism across the genomes of individuals with distinct characteristics to identify genotype-phenotype associations. In mosquitoes, complex traits such as vector competence and insecticide resistance could benefit from GWAS. We used the Aedes a...

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Main Authors: Luciano V. Cosme, José Bento Pereira Lima, Jeffrey R. Powell, Ademir Jesus Martins
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Genetics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.867231/full
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author Luciano V. Cosme
José Bento Pereira Lima
Jeffrey R. Powell
Ademir Jesus Martins
Ademir Jesus Martins
author_facet Luciano V. Cosme
José Bento Pereira Lima
Jeffrey R. Powell
Ademir Jesus Martins
Ademir Jesus Martins
author_sort Luciano V. Cosme
collection DOAJ
description Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) use genetic polymorphism across the genomes of individuals with distinct characteristics to identify genotype-phenotype associations. In mosquitoes, complex traits such as vector competence and insecticide resistance could benefit from GWAS. We used the Aedes aegypti 50k SNP chip to genotype populations with different levels of pyrethroid resistance from Northern Brazil. Pyrethroids are widely used worldwide to control mosquitoes and agricultural pests, and their intensive use led to the selection of resistance phenotypes in many insects including mosquitoes. For Ae. aegypti, resistance phenotypes are mainly associated with several mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, known as knockdown resistance (kdr). We phenotyped those populations with the WHO insecticide bioassay using deltamethrin impregnated papers, genotyped the kdr alleles using qPCR, and determined allele frequencies across the genome using the SNP chip. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) directly associated with resistance and one epistatic SNP pair. We also observed that the novel SNPs correlated with the known kdr genotypes, although on different chromosomes or not in close physical proximity to the voltage gated sodium channel gene. In addition, pairwise comparison of resistance and susceptible mosquitoes from each population revealed differentiated genomic regions not associated with pyrethroid resistance. These new bi-allelic markers can be used to genotype other populations along with kdr alleles to understand their worldwide distribution. The functional roles of the genes near the newly discovered SNPs require new studies to determine if they act synergistically with kdr alleles or reduce the fitness cost of maintaining resistant alleles.
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spelling doaj.art-4126032849b44bc7bfa0cd692e203fe42022-12-22T03:03:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212022-04-011310.3389/fgene.2022.867231867231Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegyptiLuciano V. Cosme0José Bento Pereira Lima1Jeffrey R. Powell2Ademir Jesus Martins3Ademir Jesus Martins4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesLaboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesLaboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, INCT-EM, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) use genetic polymorphism across the genomes of individuals with distinct characteristics to identify genotype-phenotype associations. In mosquitoes, complex traits such as vector competence and insecticide resistance could benefit from GWAS. We used the Aedes aegypti 50k SNP chip to genotype populations with different levels of pyrethroid resistance from Northern Brazil. Pyrethroids are widely used worldwide to control mosquitoes and agricultural pests, and their intensive use led to the selection of resistance phenotypes in many insects including mosquitoes. For Ae. aegypti, resistance phenotypes are mainly associated with several mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, known as knockdown resistance (kdr). We phenotyped those populations with the WHO insecticide bioassay using deltamethrin impregnated papers, genotyped the kdr alleles using qPCR, and determined allele frequencies across the genome using the SNP chip. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) directly associated with resistance and one epistatic SNP pair. We also observed that the novel SNPs correlated with the known kdr genotypes, although on different chromosomes or not in close physical proximity to the voltage gated sodium channel gene. In addition, pairwise comparison of resistance and susceptible mosquitoes from each population revealed differentiated genomic regions not associated with pyrethroid resistance. These new bi-allelic markers can be used to genotype other populations along with kdr alleles to understand their worldwide distribution. The functional roles of the genes near the newly discovered SNPs require new studies to determine if they act synergistically with kdr alleles or reduce the fitness cost of maintaining resistant alleles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.867231/fullGWASkdrvgsc geneinsecticide resistanceAedes
spellingShingle Luciano V. Cosme
José Bento Pereira Lima
Jeffrey R. Powell
Ademir Jesus Martins
Ademir Jesus Martins
Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti
Frontiers in Genetics
GWAS
kdr
vgsc gene
insecticide resistance
Aedes
title Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti
title_full Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti
title_fullStr Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti
title_short Genome-wide Association Study Reveals New Loci Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti
title_sort genome wide association study reveals new loci associated with pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti
topic GWAS
kdr
vgsc gene
insecticide resistance
Aedes
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.867231/full
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