Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16039 |
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| author | Zhaoxia Qin Tianyu Wang Yanxiu Zhao Changle Ma Qun Shao |
| author_facet | Zhaoxia Qin Tianyu Wang Yanxiu Zhao Changle Ma Qun Shao |
| author_sort | Zhaoxia Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:46:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4131d45173b44a23b38f223a94162841 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:46:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4131d45173b44a23b38f223a941628412023-11-24T14:45:39ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124221603910.3390/ijms242216039Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in PlantsZhaoxia Qin0Tianyu Wang1Yanxiu Zhao2Changle Ma3Qun Shao4Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, ChinaLipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16039lipid dropletlipolysistriacylglycerol hydrolysislipaseslipophagy |
| spellingShingle | Zhaoxia Qin Tianyu Wang Yanxiu Zhao Changle Ma Qun Shao Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants International Journal of Molecular Sciences lipid droplet lipolysis triacylglycerol hydrolysis lipases lipophagy |
| title | Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants |
| title_full | Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants |
| title_short | Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants |
| title_sort | molecular machinery of lipid droplet degradation and turnover in plants |
| topic | lipid droplet lipolysis triacylglycerol hydrolysis lipases lipophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16039 |
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