Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm
The Landolt reading paradigm was created in order to dissociate effects of eye movements and attention from lexical, syntactic, and sub-lexical processing. While previous eye-tracking and behavioural findings support the usefulness of the paradigm, it remains to be shown that the paradigm actually r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00384/full |
| _version_ | 1818428071677526016 |
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| author | Rebekka eHillen Rebekka eHillen Thomas eGünther Claudia eKohlen Claudia eKohlen Cornelia eEckers Cornelia eEckers Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach Katharina eSass Katharina eSass Wolfgang eScharke Josefine eVollmar Ralph eRadach Ralph eRadach Stefan eHeim Stefan eHeim |
| author_facet | Rebekka eHillen Rebekka eHillen Thomas eGünther Claudia eKohlen Claudia eKohlen Cornelia eEckers Cornelia eEckers Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach Katharina eSass Katharina eSass Wolfgang eScharke Josefine eVollmar Ralph eRadach Ralph eRadach Stefan eHeim Stefan eHeim |
| author_sort | Rebekka eHillen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Landolt reading paradigm was created in order to dissociate effects of eye movements and attention from lexical, syntactic, and sub-lexical processing. While previous eye-tracking and behavioural findings support the usefulness of the paradigm, it remains to be shown that the paradigm actually relies on the brain networks for occulomotor control and attention, but not on systems for lexical/syntactic/orthographic processing. Here, 20 healthy volunteers underwent fMRI scanning while reading sentences (with syntax) or unconnected lists of written stimuli (no syntax) consisting of words (with semantics) or pseudowords (no semantics). In an additional "Landolt reading" condition, all letters were replaced by closed circles, which should be scanned for targets (Landolt's rings) in a reading-like fashion from left to right. A conjunction analysis of all five conditions revealed the visual scanning network which involved bilateral visual cortex, premotor cortex, and superior parietal cortex, but which did not include regions for semantics, syntax, or orthography. Contrasting the Landolt reading condition with all other regions revealed additional involvement of the right superior parietal cortex (areas 7A/7P/7PC) and postcentral gyrus (area 2) involved in deliberate gaze shifting. These neuroimaging findings demonstrate for the first time that the linguistic and orthographic brain network can be dissociated from a pure gaze-orienting network with the Landolt paradigm. Consequently, the Landolt paradigm may provide novel insights into the contributions of linguistic and non-linguistic factors on reading failure e.g. in developmental dyslexia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T14:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41414ed80fa949a1b8a265ccb293583c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T14:55:48Z |
| publishDate | 2013-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-41414ed80fa949a1b8a265ccb293583c2022-12-21T22:56:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612013-07-01710.3389/fnhum.2013.0038454243Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigmRebekka eHillen0Rebekka eHillen1Thomas eGünther2Claudia eKohlen3Claudia eKohlen4Cornelia eEckers5Cornelia eEckers6Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach7Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach8Katharina eSass9Katharina eSass10Wolfgang eScharke11Josefine eVollmar12Ralph eRadach13Ralph eRadach14Stefan eHeim15Stefan eHeim16RWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityResearch Centre JülichRWTH Aachen UniversityUniversity of QueenslandRWTH Aachen UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityBergische Universität WuppertalFlorida State UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityResearch Centre JülichThe Landolt reading paradigm was created in order to dissociate effects of eye movements and attention from lexical, syntactic, and sub-lexical processing. While previous eye-tracking and behavioural findings support the usefulness of the paradigm, it remains to be shown that the paradigm actually relies on the brain networks for occulomotor control and attention, but not on systems for lexical/syntactic/orthographic processing. Here, 20 healthy volunteers underwent fMRI scanning while reading sentences (with syntax) or unconnected lists of written stimuli (no syntax) consisting of words (with semantics) or pseudowords (no semantics). In an additional "Landolt reading" condition, all letters were replaced by closed circles, which should be scanned for targets (Landolt's rings) in a reading-like fashion from left to right. A conjunction analysis of all five conditions revealed the visual scanning network which involved bilateral visual cortex, premotor cortex, and superior parietal cortex, but which did not include regions for semantics, syntax, or orthography. Contrasting the Landolt reading condition with all other regions revealed additional involvement of the right superior parietal cortex (areas 7A/7P/7PC) and postcentral gyrus (area 2) involved in deliberate gaze shifting. These neuroimaging findings demonstrate for the first time that the linguistic and orthographic brain network can be dissociated from a pure gaze-orienting network with the Landolt paradigm. Consequently, the Landolt paradigm may provide novel insights into the contributions of linguistic and non-linguistic factors on reading failure e.g. in developmental dyslexia.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00384/fullAttentionDyslexiaadultsreadingsyntaxsemantics |
| spellingShingle | Rebekka eHillen Rebekka eHillen Thomas eGünther Claudia eKohlen Claudia eKohlen Cornelia eEckers Cornelia eEckers Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach Muna evan Ermingen-Marbach Katharina eSass Katharina eSass Wolfgang eScharke Josefine eVollmar Ralph eRadach Ralph eRadach Stefan eHeim Stefan eHeim Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Attention Dyslexia adults reading syntax semantics |
| title | Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm |
| title_full | Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm |
| title_fullStr | Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm |
| title_short | Identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading: fMRI investigation of the Landolt paradigm |
| title_sort | identifying brain systems for gaze orienting during reading fmri investigation of the landolt paradigm |
| topic | Attention Dyslexia adults reading syntax semantics |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00384/full |
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