Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation
Over the last decade, enabling technologies and sustainable catalysis have become appealing options for biodiesel preparation because of their impressive process intensification and energy savings. The present review will compare the most innovative protocols that have been developed and improved to...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/988 |
| _version_ | 1797554972434366464 |
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| author | Fabio Bucciol Mariachiara Colia Emanuela Calcio Gaudino Giancarlo Cravotto |
| author_facet | Fabio Bucciol Mariachiara Colia Emanuela Calcio Gaudino Giancarlo Cravotto |
| author_sort | Fabio Bucciol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the last decade, enabling technologies and sustainable catalysis have become appealing options for biodiesel preparation because of their impressive process intensification and energy savings. The present review will compare the most innovative protocols that have been developed and improved to use non-conventional energy sources and catalysts that are performed, in particular, using continuous-flow methods. Although this account cannot be comprehensive, it will, however, provide a good overview of the reaction-rate improvements and catalyst activation that is provided by microwaves, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, flow reactors and even hybrid techniques. Advantages and limitations are discussed together with industrial scalability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:39:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4154d3a5a9de42919439cd82851ffd34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:39:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-4154d3a5a9de42919439cd82851ffd342023-11-20T12:07:22ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-09-0110998810.3390/catal10090988Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel PreparationFabio Bucciol0Mariachiara Colia1Emanuela Calcio Gaudino2Giancarlo Cravotto3Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, ItalyOver the last decade, enabling technologies and sustainable catalysis have become appealing options for biodiesel preparation because of their impressive process intensification and energy savings. The present review will compare the most innovative protocols that have been developed and improved to use non-conventional energy sources and catalysts that are performed, in particular, using continuous-flow methods. Although this account cannot be comprehensive, it will, however, provide a good overview of the reaction-rate improvements and catalyst activation that is provided by microwaves, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, flow reactors and even hybrid techniques. Advantages and limitations are discussed together with industrial scalability.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/988continuous flow processesmicrowavesultrasoundhydrodynamic cavitationhybrid techniquesheterogeneous catalysts |
| spellingShingle | Fabio Bucciol Mariachiara Colia Emanuela Calcio Gaudino Giancarlo Cravotto Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation Catalysts continuous flow processes microwaves ultrasound hydrodynamic cavitation hybrid techniques heterogeneous catalysts |
| title | Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation |
| title_full | Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation |
| title_fullStr | Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation |
| title_short | Enabling Technologies and Sustainable Catalysis in Biodiesel Preparation |
| title_sort | enabling technologies and sustainable catalysis in biodiesel preparation |
| topic | continuous flow processes microwaves ultrasound hydrodynamic cavitation hybrid techniques heterogeneous catalysts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/988 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fabiobucciol enablingtechnologiesandsustainablecatalysisinbiodieselpreparation AT mariachiaracolia enablingtechnologiesandsustainablecatalysisinbiodieselpreparation AT emanuelacalciogaudino enablingtechnologiesandsustainablecatalysisinbiodieselpreparation AT giancarlocravotto enablingtechnologiesandsustainablecatalysisinbiodieselpreparation |