Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand
IntroductionThailand experienced a nationwide outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in 2021, highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in beef cattle herds across different regions of Thail...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1338713/full |
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| author | Orapun Arjkumpa Wanwisa Wachoom Bopit Puyati Sirima Jindajang Minta Suwannaboon Sith Premashthira Tippawon Prarakamawongsa Tosapol Dejyong Chalutwan Sansamur Roderick Salvador Chalita Jainonthee Chalita Jainonthee Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Veerasak Punyapornwithaya |
| author_facet | Orapun Arjkumpa Wanwisa Wachoom Bopit Puyati Sirima Jindajang Minta Suwannaboon Sith Premashthira Tippawon Prarakamawongsa Tosapol Dejyong Chalutwan Sansamur Roderick Salvador Chalita Jainonthee Chalita Jainonthee Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Veerasak Punyapornwithaya |
| author_sort | Orapun Arjkumpa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThailand experienced a nationwide outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in 2021, highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in beef cattle herds across different regions of Thailand.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in upper northeastern, northeastern, and central regions, where face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the factors associated with LSD outbreaks. A total of 489 beef herds, including 161 LSD outbreak herds and 328 non-LSD herds, were investigated.Results and discussionResults showed that 66% of farmers have operated beef herds for more than five years. There were very few animal movements during the outbreak period. None of the cattle had been vaccinated with LSD vaccines. Insects that have the potential to act as vectors for LSD were observed in all herds. Thirty-four percent of farmers have implemented insect control measures. The final mixed effect logistic regression model identified herds operating for more than five years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.53) and the absence of insect control management on the herd (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29–3.25) to be associated with LSD outbreaks. The implementation of insect-vector control measures in areas at risk of LSD, especially for herds without vaccination against the disease, should be emphasized. This study provides the first report on risk factors for LSD outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in Thailand and offers useful information for the development of LSD prevention and control programs within the country’s context. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:06:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4154e856d6d74c99953b6a683ce59292 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:06:55Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4154e856d6d74c99953b6a683ce592922024-02-22T04:30:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-02-011110.3389/fvets.2024.13387131338713Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of ThailandOrapun Arjkumpa0Wanwisa Wachoom1Bopit Puyati2Sirima Jindajang3Minta Suwannaboon4Sith Premashthira5Tippawon Prarakamawongsa6Tosapol Dejyong7Chalutwan Sansamur8Roderick Salvador9Chalita Jainonthee10Chalita Jainonthee11Veerasak Punyapornwithaya12Veerasak Punyapornwithaya13Animal Health Section, The 4th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen, ThailandNawa District Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Nakhon Phanom, ThailandBuriram Provincial Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Buriram, ThailandAnimal Health Section, The 7th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Nakhon Pathom, ThailandAnimal Health Section, The 4th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen, ThailandRegional Field Epidemiology Training Program for Veterinarian, Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, ThailandRegional Field Epidemiology Training Program for Veterinarian, Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, ThailandBureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, ThailandAkkhararatchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, ThailandCollege of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, PhilippinesVeterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand0Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandVeterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand0Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandIntroductionThailand experienced a nationwide outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in 2021, highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in beef cattle herds across different regions of Thailand.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in upper northeastern, northeastern, and central regions, where face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the factors associated with LSD outbreaks. A total of 489 beef herds, including 161 LSD outbreak herds and 328 non-LSD herds, were investigated.Results and discussionResults showed that 66% of farmers have operated beef herds for more than five years. There were very few animal movements during the outbreak period. None of the cattle had been vaccinated with LSD vaccines. Insects that have the potential to act as vectors for LSD were observed in all herds. Thirty-four percent of farmers have implemented insect control measures. The final mixed effect logistic regression model identified herds operating for more than five years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.53) and the absence of insect control management on the herd (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29–3.25) to be associated with LSD outbreaks. The implementation of insect-vector control measures in areas at risk of LSD, especially for herds without vaccination against the disease, should be emphasized. This study provides the first report on risk factors for LSD outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in Thailand and offers useful information for the development of LSD prevention and control programs within the country’s context.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1338713/fulllumpy skin diseaserisk factorscattle herdscontrol measuresThailand |
| spellingShingle | Orapun Arjkumpa Wanwisa Wachoom Bopit Puyati Sirima Jindajang Minta Suwannaboon Sith Premashthira Tippawon Prarakamawongsa Tosapol Dejyong Chalutwan Sansamur Roderick Salvador Chalita Jainonthee Chalita Jainonthee Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand Frontiers in Veterinary Science lumpy skin disease risk factors cattle herds control measures Thailand |
| title | Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand |
| title_full | Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand |
| title_short | Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand |
| title_sort | analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naive cattle herds in different regions of thailand |
| topic | lumpy skin disease risk factors cattle herds control measures Thailand |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1338713/full |
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