Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth
Background: Increasing legalization of cannabis, in addition to longstanding rates of tobacco use, raises concerns for possible cognitive decrements from secondhand smoke or environmental exposure, although little research exists. We investigate the relation between cognition and secondhand and envi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174322000180 |
| _version_ | 1797846346431987712 |
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| author | Natasha E. Wade Connor J. McCabe Alexander L. Wallace Marybel R. Gonzalez Eunha Hoh M. Alejandra Infante Margie Hernandez Mejia Frank Haist |
| author_facet | Natasha E. Wade Connor J. McCabe Alexander L. Wallace Marybel R. Gonzalez Eunha Hoh M. Alejandra Infante Margie Hernandez Mejia Frank Haist |
| author_sort | Natasha E. Wade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Increasing legalization of cannabis, in addition to longstanding rates of tobacco use, raises concerns for possible cognitive decrements from secondhand smoke or environmental exposure, although little research exists. We investigate the relation between cognition and secondhand and environmental cannabis and tobacco exposure in youth. Methods: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study year 2 follow-up (N = 5580; 48% female) cognitive performance and secondhand or environmental cannabis or tobacco exposure data were used. Principal components analysis identified a global cognition factor. Linear mixed-effects models assessed global cognition and individual cognitive task performance by cannabis and/or tobacco environmental exposure. Sociodemographics and other potential confounds were examined. p values were adjusted using the false discovery rate method. Results: Global cognition was not related to any exposure group after testing corrections and considering confounds. Beyond covariates and family- and site-level factors, secondhand tobacco was related to poorer visual memory (p = .02), and environmental tobacco was associated with poorer visuospatial (p = .02) and language (p = .008) skills. Secondhand cannabis was related to cognition, but not after controlling for potential confounders (p > .05). Environmental cannabis was related to better oral reading (p = .01). Including covariates attenuated effect sizes. Conclusions: Secondhand tobacco exposure was associated with poorer visual memory, while environmental tobacco exposure was related to poorer language and visuospatial skills. Secondhand cannabis was not related to cognition after controlling for sociodemographic factors, but environmental cannabis exposure was related to better reading. Because, to our knowledge, this is the first known study of its kind and thus preliminary, secondhand cannabis should continue to be investigated to confirm results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:53:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-415bdab11c134b2f82872b89c8702b87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-1743 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:53:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-415bdab11c134b2f82872b89c8702b872023-04-15T05:55:33ZengElsevierBiological Psychiatry Global Open Science2667-17432023-04-0132233242Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in YouthNatasha E. Wade0Connor J. McCabe1Alexander L. Wallace2Marybel R. Gonzalez3Eunha Hoh4M. Alejandra Infante5Margie Hernandez Mejia6Frank Haist7Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Address correspondence to Natasha E. Wade, Ph.D.Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WashingtonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WisconsinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CaliforniaSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CaliforniaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CaliforniaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CaliforniaBackground: Increasing legalization of cannabis, in addition to longstanding rates of tobacco use, raises concerns for possible cognitive decrements from secondhand smoke or environmental exposure, although little research exists. We investigate the relation between cognition and secondhand and environmental cannabis and tobacco exposure in youth. Methods: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study year 2 follow-up (N = 5580; 48% female) cognitive performance and secondhand or environmental cannabis or tobacco exposure data were used. Principal components analysis identified a global cognition factor. Linear mixed-effects models assessed global cognition and individual cognitive task performance by cannabis and/or tobacco environmental exposure. Sociodemographics and other potential confounds were examined. p values were adjusted using the false discovery rate method. Results: Global cognition was not related to any exposure group after testing corrections and considering confounds. Beyond covariates and family- and site-level factors, secondhand tobacco was related to poorer visual memory (p = .02), and environmental tobacco was associated with poorer visuospatial (p = .02) and language (p = .008) skills. Secondhand cannabis was related to cognition, but not after controlling for potential confounders (p > .05). Environmental cannabis was related to better oral reading (p = .01). Including covariates attenuated effect sizes. Conclusions: Secondhand tobacco exposure was associated with poorer visual memory, while environmental tobacco exposure was related to poorer language and visuospatial skills. Secondhand cannabis was not related to cognition after controlling for sociodemographic factors, but environmental cannabis exposure was related to better reading. Because, to our knowledge, this is the first known study of its kind and thus preliminary, secondhand cannabis should continue to be investigated to confirm results.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174322000180AdolescentsCognitionEnvironmental smokePreadolescentsSecondhand cannabisSecondhand smoke |
| spellingShingle | Natasha E. Wade Connor J. McCabe Alexander L. Wallace Marybel R. Gonzalez Eunha Hoh M. Alejandra Infante Margie Hernandez Mejia Frank Haist Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science Adolescents Cognition Environmental smoke Preadolescents Secondhand cannabis Secondhand smoke |
| title | Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth |
| title_full | Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth |
| title_fullStr | Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth |
| title_short | Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth |
| title_sort | clouding up cognition secondhand cannabis and tobacco exposure related to cognitive functioning in youth |
| topic | Adolescents Cognition Environmental smoke Preadolescents Secondhand cannabis Secondhand smoke |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174322000180 |
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