Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are successfully synthesized through microwave heating by using <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract as a stabilizing and capping agent. Response surface methodology is used to obtain optimal synthesis conditions. The effect of microwave power, irra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4048 |
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| author | Cristina Mellinas Alfonso Jiménez María del Carmen Garrigós |
| author_facet | Cristina Mellinas Alfonso Jiménez María del Carmen Garrigós |
| author_sort | Cristina Mellinas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are successfully synthesized through microwave heating by using <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract as a stabilizing and capping agent. Response surface methodology is used to obtain optimal synthesis conditions. The effect of microwave power, irradiation time and amount of Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> are evaluated on crystalline size by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and <i>Z-</i>potential by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) using a central composite design (CCD). Optimal synthesis conditions are determined as 15.6 min, 788.6 W and 0.14 g of sodium selenite using 50 mL of <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract. The successful biosynthesis of SeNPs is confirmed by UV-visible and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. The XRD pattern and Raman spectra show the presence of trigonal and amorphous synthesized SeNPs. Spherical SeNPs are observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with a particle size of 1−3 nm in diameter, at least one order of magnitude lower than those previously reported. The obtained SeNPs can be stable up to 55 days at 4 °C. Additionally, the SeNPs show an excellent antioxidant performance by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, with potential application in different sectors, such as food, medical and pharmaceutical. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T06:26:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4167a101bfb34cff94d564e4b40b63f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T06:26:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4167a101bfb34cff94d564e4b40b63f92022-12-21T23:56:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-11-012422404810.3390/molecules24224048molecules24224048Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell ExtractCristina Mellinas0Alfonso Jiménez1María del Carmen Garrigós2Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, SpainSelenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are successfully synthesized through microwave heating by using <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract as a stabilizing and capping agent. Response surface methodology is used to obtain optimal synthesis conditions. The effect of microwave power, irradiation time and amount of Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> are evaluated on crystalline size by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and <i>Z-</i>potential by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) using a central composite design (CCD). Optimal synthesis conditions are determined as 15.6 min, 788.6 W and 0.14 g of sodium selenite using 50 mL of <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract. The successful biosynthesis of SeNPs is confirmed by UV-visible and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. The XRD pattern and Raman spectra show the presence of trigonal and amorphous synthesized SeNPs. Spherical SeNPs are observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with a particle size of 1−3 nm in diameter, at least one order of magnitude lower than those previously reported. The obtained SeNPs can be stable up to 55 days at 4 °C. Additionally, the SeNPs show an excellent antioxidant performance by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, with potential application in different sectors, such as food, medical and pharmaceutical.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4048keywords. theobroma cacao l. bean shell extractselenium nanoparticlesmicrowave-assisted synthesiscentral composite designantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Cristina Mellinas Alfonso Jiménez María del Carmen Garrigós Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract Molecules keywords. theobroma cacao l. bean shell extract selenium nanoparticles microwave-assisted synthesis central composite design antioxidant |
| title | Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract |
| title_full | Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract |
| title_fullStr | Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract |
| title_short | Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using <i>Theobroma Cacao L.</i> Bean Shell Extract |
| title_sort | microwave assisted green synthesis and antioxidant activity of selenium nanoparticles using i theobroma cacao l i bean shell extract |
| topic | keywords. theobroma cacao l. bean shell extract selenium nanoparticles microwave-assisted synthesis central composite design antioxidant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4048 |
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