Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats
Echis carinatus (E. carinatus) is known for its hematological and nephrotoxic properties in the envenomed patients. Based on the limited data upon the cardiovascular changes associated with this dangerous venomous snake in Iran, the current study purposed to evaluate the venom-induced hemodynamic ma...
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| Format: | Article |
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Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Archives of Razi Institute |
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| Online Access: | https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_122132_23be2f43fd35fd9737b9699b69b7c0f1.pdf |
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| author | S Zaeri H Fatemikia M Kamyab A Esmaili E Kim N Mohamadpour Dounighi A Salemi P Khadem R Seyedian |
| author_facet | S Zaeri H Fatemikia M Kamyab A Esmaili E Kim N Mohamadpour Dounighi A Salemi P Khadem R Seyedian |
| author_sort | S Zaeri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Echis carinatus (E. carinatus) is known for its hematological and nephrotoxic properties in the envenomed patients. Based on the limited data upon the cardiovascular changes associated with this dangerous venomous snake in Iran, the current study purposed to evaluate the venom-induced hemodynamic manifestations in rats. Venom (120 µg/kg) was administered intravenously within one minute through the left femoral vein, and the hemodynamic parameters were continuously recorded using a pressure transducer (MLT844, ADInstruments, Australia). The venom caused prominent hypotension leading to death a few minutes after a transient uprise in blood pressure. It also induced a decrease in heart and pulmonary rates, yet it had no arrhythmogenic properties. Additionally, pre-treatment with the pepsin-derived Iranian polyvalent antivenom (30 µl/Kg) completely neutralized the hemodynamic responses but had no effect when instilled two minutes after venom injection. Heparin (300 IU/kg) and epinephrine (1.5 µg/kg) prevented dramatic hypotension when used 10 minutes before venom instillation; however, atropine (1 mg/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), and ketorolac (10 mg/ml) had no effects. All treated rats were killed post-injection. Histologically, the lung was the most vulnerable organ with mononuclear infiltration, microcystic formation, and significant capillary congestion. Prominent renal pathological deterioration also occurred, including mesangial cell infiltration and diffuse bleeding, leading to acute tubular necrosis. Modest portal inflammation and vascular congestion were observed in the hepatic tissue of the envenomed rats. The crude venom of Iranian Echis carinatus caused hypotension leading to bradycardia, a decrease in pulmonary rate, and death without significant histological changes to the heart. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T07:44:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41762ba9adbb4da1a5177cb7e5381992 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0365-3439 2008-9872 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T07:44:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Razi Institute |
| spelling | doaj.art-41762ba9adbb4da1a5177cb7e53819922022-12-21T18:33:40ZengRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-34392008-98722021-09-0176359960710.22092/ari.2020.342944.1490122132Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in RatsS Zaeri0H Fatemikia1M Kamyab2A Esmaili3E Kim4N Mohamadpour Dounighi5A Salemi6P Khadem7R Seyedian8Department of Pharmacology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, IranDepartment of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran, IranDepartment of Pathology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, KRDepartment of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranDepartment of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranSchool of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranEchis carinatus (E. carinatus) is known for its hematological and nephrotoxic properties in the envenomed patients. Based on the limited data upon the cardiovascular changes associated with this dangerous venomous snake in Iran, the current study purposed to evaluate the venom-induced hemodynamic manifestations in rats. Venom (120 µg/kg) was administered intravenously within one minute through the left femoral vein, and the hemodynamic parameters were continuously recorded using a pressure transducer (MLT844, ADInstruments, Australia). The venom caused prominent hypotension leading to death a few minutes after a transient uprise in blood pressure. It also induced a decrease in heart and pulmonary rates, yet it had no arrhythmogenic properties. Additionally, pre-treatment with the pepsin-derived Iranian polyvalent antivenom (30 µl/Kg) completely neutralized the hemodynamic responses but had no effect when instilled two minutes after venom injection. Heparin (300 IU/kg) and epinephrine (1.5 µg/kg) prevented dramatic hypotension when used 10 minutes before venom instillation; however, atropine (1 mg/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), and ketorolac (10 mg/ml) had no effects. All treated rats were killed post-injection. Histologically, the lung was the most vulnerable organ with mononuclear infiltration, microcystic formation, and significant capillary congestion. Prominent renal pathological deterioration also occurred, including mesangial cell infiltration and diffuse bleeding, leading to acute tubular necrosis. Modest portal inflammation and vascular congestion were observed in the hepatic tissue of the envenomed rats. The crude venom of Iranian Echis carinatus caused hypotension leading to bradycardia, a decrease in pulmonary rate, and death without significant histological changes to the heart.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_122132_23be2f43fd35fd9737b9699b69b7c0f1.pdfechis carinatusvenomsnakehemodynamicantivenom |
| spellingShingle | S Zaeri H Fatemikia M Kamyab A Esmaili E Kim N Mohamadpour Dounighi A Salemi P Khadem R Seyedian Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats Archives of Razi Institute echis carinatus venom snake hemodynamic antivenom |
| title | Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats |
| title_full | Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats |
| title_short | Hemodynamic Changes Provoked through Intravascular Injection of the Echis carinatus Venom in Rats |
| title_sort | hemodynamic changes provoked through intravascular injection of the echis carinatus venom in rats |
| topic | echis carinatus venom snake hemodynamic antivenom |
| url | https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_122132_23be2f43fd35fd9737b9699b69b7c0f1.pdf |
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