Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis
Abstract In late 2014, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hereafter HPAI) H5N1 outbreak infected whooper swans Cygnus cygnus wintering at the Sanmenxia Reservoir area, China, and raised concerns about migratory linkages between wintering and breeding grounds of whooper swans. In this study, 61 swa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2018-05-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25291-1 |
| _version_ | 1818431057548017664 |
|---|---|
| author | Shuhong Li Weiyue Meng Dongping Liu Qiqi Yang Lixia Chen Qiang Dai Tian Ma Ruyi Gao Wendong Ru Yunfeng Li Pengbo Yu Jun Lu Guogang Zhang Huaiyu Tian Hongliang Chai Yanbing Li |
| author_facet | Shuhong Li Weiyue Meng Dongping Liu Qiqi Yang Lixia Chen Qiang Dai Tian Ma Ruyi Gao Wendong Ru Yunfeng Li Pengbo Yu Jun Lu Guogang Zhang Huaiyu Tian Hongliang Chai Yanbing Li |
| author_sort | Shuhong Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In late 2014, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hereafter HPAI) H5N1 outbreak infected whooper swans Cygnus cygnus wintering at the Sanmenxia Reservoir area, China, and raised concerns about migratory linkages between wintering and breeding grounds of whooper swans. In this study, 61 swans were satellite tracked from 2013 to 2016 to determine the spatial association of their migration routes and H5N1 outbreaks, and 3596 fecal samples were collected along the migration routes for virology testing. Swans departed the wintering grounds and migrated along the Yellow River, and flew over the Yin Mountains in China. The Brownian bridge movement model showed there was a high degree of spatiotemporal overlap between the core use area along the spring migration pathway and historical H5N1 events in China and Mongolia from 2005 to 2015. The H5N1 strain was isolated and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the HA gene sequence generated is genetically similar to that of the epidemic strain at a previous wintering site (the Sanmenxia Reservoir area) along its flyway. Our results identified a previously unknown migratory link of whooper swans in central China with Mongolia and confirmed that the swans could carry the HPAI H5N1 virus during migration, resulting in long-distance transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:43:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-417816c3878f4f5486e47db2477baae8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:43:15Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-417816c3878f4f5486e47db2477baae82022-12-21T22:55:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222018-05-01811910.1038/s41598-018-25291-1Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics AnalysisShuhong Li0Weiyue Meng1Dongping Liu2Qiqi Yang3Lixia Chen4Qiang Dai5Tian Ma6Ruyi Gao7Wendong Ru8Yunfeng Li9Pengbo Yu10Jun Lu11Guogang Zhang12Huaiyu Tian13Hongliang Chai14Yanbing Li15Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryNational Urban Wetland Park of Sanmenxia Swan LakeNational Urban Wetland Park of Sanmenxia Swan LakeNational Urban Wetland Park of Sanmenxia Swan LakeShaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and PreventionKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration, National Bird Banding Center of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal UniversityCollege of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract In late 2014, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hereafter HPAI) H5N1 outbreak infected whooper swans Cygnus cygnus wintering at the Sanmenxia Reservoir area, China, and raised concerns about migratory linkages between wintering and breeding grounds of whooper swans. In this study, 61 swans were satellite tracked from 2013 to 2016 to determine the spatial association of their migration routes and H5N1 outbreaks, and 3596 fecal samples were collected along the migration routes for virology testing. Swans departed the wintering grounds and migrated along the Yellow River, and flew over the Yin Mountains in China. The Brownian bridge movement model showed there was a high degree of spatiotemporal overlap between the core use area along the spring migration pathway and historical H5N1 events in China and Mongolia from 2005 to 2015. The H5N1 strain was isolated and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the HA gene sequence generated is genetically similar to that of the epidemic strain at a previous wintering site (the Sanmenxia Reservoir area) along its flyway. Our results identified a previously unknown migratory link of whooper swans in central China with Mongolia and confirmed that the swans could carry the HPAI H5N1 virus during migration, resulting in long-distance transmission.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25291-1 |
| spellingShingle | Shuhong Li Weiyue Meng Dongping Liu Qiqi Yang Lixia Chen Qiang Dai Tian Ma Ruyi Gao Wendong Ru Yunfeng Li Pengbo Yu Jun Lu Guogang Zhang Huaiyu Tian Hongliang Chai Yanbing Li Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis Scientific Reports |
| title | Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis |
| title_full | Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis |
| title_short | Migratory Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus Transmit H5N1 Virus between China and Mongolia: Combination Evidence from Satellite Tracking and Phylogenetics Analysis |
| title_sort | migratory whooper swans cygnus cygnus transmit h5n1 virus between china and mongolia combination evidence from satellite tracking and phylogenetics analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25291-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shuhongli migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT weiyuemeng migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT dongpingliu migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT qiqiyang migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT lixiachen migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT qiangdai migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT tianma migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT ruyigao migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT wendongru migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT yunfengli migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT pengboyu migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT junlu migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT guogangzhang migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT huaiyutian migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT hongliangchai migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis AT yanbingli migratorywhooperswanscygnuscygnustransmith5n1virusbetweenchinaandmongoliacombinationevidencefromsatellitetrackingandphylogeneticsanalysis |