Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19
COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is characterized by progressive respiratory failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage, inflammatory infiltrates, endotheliitis, and pulmonary and systemic coagulopathy forming obstructi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/12/1972 |
| _version_ | 1797488905331671040 |
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| author | Duoduo Zha Mingui Fu Yisong Qian |
| author_facet | Duoduo Zha Mingui Fu Yisong Qian |
| author_sort | Duoduo Zha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is characterized by progressive respiratory failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage, inflammatory infiltrates, endotheliitis, and pulmonary and systemic coagulopathy forming obstructive microthrombi with multi-organ dysfunction, indicating that endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The glycocalyx is defined as a complex gel-like layer of glycosylated lipid–protein mixtures, which surrounds all living cells and acts as a buffer between the cell and the extracellular matrix. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) plays an important role in vascular homeostasis via regulating vascular permeability, cell adhesion, mechanosensing for hemodynamic shear stresses, and antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions. Here, we review the new findings that described EGL damage in ARDS, coagulopathy, and the multisystem inflammatory disease associated with COVID-19. Mechanistically, the inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), the glycocalyx fragments, and the viral proteins may contribute to endothelial glycocalyx damage in COVID-19. In addition, the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the EGL for the treatment of severe COVID-19 are summarized and discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:08:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-417b8846415f48319c5542c4465916cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:08:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-417b8846415f48319c5542c4465916cb2023-11-23T16:02:24ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-06-011112197210.3390/cells11121972Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19Duoduo Zha0Mingui Fu1Yisong Qian2The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaShock/Trauma Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAThe National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaCOVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is characterized by progressive respiratory failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage, inflammatory infiltrates, endotheliitis, and pulmonary and systemic coagulopathy forming obstructive microthrombi with multi-organ dysfunction, indicating that endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The glycocalyx is defined as a complex gel-like layer of glycosylated lipid–protein mixtures, which surrounds all living cells and acts as a buffer between the cell and the extracellular matrix. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) plays an important role in vascular homeostasis via regulating vascular permeability, cell adhesion, mechanosensing for hemodynamic shear stresses, and antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions. Here, we review the new findings that described EGL damage in ARDS, coagulopathy, and the multisystem inflammatory disease associated with COVID-19. Mechanistically, the inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), the glycocalyx fragments, and the viral proteins may contribute to endothelial glycocalyx damage in COVID-19. In addition, the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the EGL for the treatment of severe COVID-19 are summarized and discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/12/1972COVID-19endothelial cellsglycocalyxsyndecan-1heparanase |
| spellingShingle | Duoduo Zha Mingui Fu Yisong Qian Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19 Cells COVID-19 endothelial cells glycocalyx syndecan-1 heparanase |
| title | Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19 |
| title_full | Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19 |
| title_short | Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19 |
| title_sort | vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage and potential targeted therapy in covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 endothelial cells glycocalyx syndecan-1 heparanase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/12/1972 |
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