Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover
Abstract Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathoge...
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Academia Brasileira de Ciências
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652022000700601&lng=en&tlng=en |
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| author | JOEL HENRIQUE ELLWANGER PHILIP MARTIN FEARNSIDE MARINA ZILIOTTO JACQUELINE MARÍA VALVERDE-VILLEGAS ANA BEATRIZ G. DA VEIGA GUSTAVO F. VIEIRA EVELISE BACH JÁDER C. CARDOSO NÍCOLAS FELIPE D. MÜLLER GABRIEL LOPES LÍLIAN CAESAR BRUNA KULMANN-LEAL VALÉRIA L. KAMINSKI ETIELE S. SILVEIRA FERNANDO R. SPILKI MATHEUS N. WEBER SABRINA E. DE MATOS ALMEIDA VANUSA P. DA HORA JOSÉ ARTUR B. CHIES |
| author_facet | JOEL HENRIQUE ELLWANGER PHILIP MARTIN FEARNSIDE MARINA ZILIOTTO JACQUELINE MARÍA VALVERDE-VILLEGAS ANA BEATRIZ G. DA VEIGA GUSTAVO F. VIEIRA EVELISE BACH JÁDER C. CARDOSO NÍCOLAS FELIPE D. MÜLLER GABRIEL LOPES LÍLIAN CAESAR BRUNA KULMANN-LEAL VALÉRIA L. KAMINSKI ETIELE S. SILVEIRA FERNANDO R. SPILKI MATHEUS N. WEBER SABRINA E. DE MATOS ALMEIDA VANUSA P. DA HORA JOSÉ ARTUR B. CHIES |
| author_sort | JOEL HENRIQUE ELLWANGER |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identification, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:46:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-417bed51b13a4969a519eefdbeffd0d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-2690 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:46:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Academia Brasileira de Ciências |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |
| spelling | doaj.art-417bed51b13a4969a519eefdbeffd0d02022-12-22T03:20:37ZengAcademia Brasileira de CiênciasAnais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências1678-26902022-09-0194suppl 310.1590/0001-3765202220211530Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spilloverJOEL HENRIQUE ELLWANGERhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-2738PHILIP MARTIN FEARNSIDEhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-9082MARINA ZILIOTTOhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-7934JACQUELINE MARÍA VALVERDE-VILLEGAShttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-3521ANA BEATRIZ G. DA VEIGAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-5506GUSTAVO F. VIEIRAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-8059EVELISE BACHhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2502-221XJÁDER C. CARDOSOhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-1084NÍCOLAS FELIPE D. MÜLLERhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-252XGABRIEL LOPEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-5522LÍLIAN CAESARhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-9125BRUNA KULMANN-LEALhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-4087VALÉRIA L. KAMINSKIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-0653ETIELE S. SILVEIRAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8133-8457FERNANDO R. SPILKIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-7045MATHEUS N. WEBERhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-6778SABRINA E. DE MATOS ALMEIDAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-8520VANUSA P. DA HORAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-9876JOSÉ ARTUR B. CHIEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-0660Abstract Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identification, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652022000700601&lng=en&tlng=enAmazon Forestbiodiversitydisease ecologyoutbreakspilloverzoonosis |
| spellingShingle | JOEL HENRIQUE ELLWANGER PHILIP MARTIN FEARNSIDE MARINA ZILIOTTO JACQUELINE MARÍA VALVERDE-VILLEGAS ANA BEATRIZ G. DA VEIGA GUSTAVO F. VIEIRA EVELISE BACH JÁDER C. CARDOSO NÍCOLAS FELIPE D. MÜLLER GABRIEL LOPES LÍLIAN CAESAR BRUNA KULMANN-LEAL VALÉRIA L. KAMINSKI ETIELE S. SILVEIRA FERNANDO R. SPILKI MATHEUS N. WEBER SABRINA E. DE MATOS ALMEIDA VANUSA P. DA HORA JOSÉ ARTUR B. CHIES Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências Amazon Forest biodiversity disease ecology outbreak spillover zoonosis |
| title | Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover |
| title_full | Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover |
| title_fullStr | Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover |
| title_short | Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover |
| title_sort | synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover |
| topic | Amazon Forest biodiversity disease ecology outbreak spillover zoonosis |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652022000700601&lng=en&tlng=en |
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