Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management
The production of olive oil involves the sustainable management of the waste produced along the entire production chain. This review examines the developments regarding cultivation techniques, production technologies, and waste management, highlighting the goals to be achieved and the most reasonabl...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/2/465 |
| _version_ | 1797494379075600384 |
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| author | Gabriele Di Giacomo Pietro Romano |
| author_facet | Gabriele Di Giacomo Pietro Romano |
| author_sort | Gabriele Di Giacomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production of olive oil involves the sustainable management of the waste produced along the entire production chain. This review examines the developments regarding cultivation techniques, production technologies, and waste management, highlighting the goals to be achieved and the most reasonable prospects. The results show that cultivation and production technology have evolved to an almost final solution to meet economic feasibility, keeping the oil’s high quality. Continuous horizontal decanters will coexist with traditional mills in many countries with old olive oil production and consumption traditions. High-quality products have conquered markets, especially in the wealthiest countries. At the same time, the exploitation of dried pomace by solvent extraction is increasingly an obsolete practice. However, waste management is still looking for one or a few reasonable solutions that meet modern society’s constraints. The enhancement of some experienced technologies and the full-scale application of emerging technologies and strategies should solve this problem in the short–medium term. A short discussion is reported on the possibility of unifying the nature and the quality of the waste, whatever the olive oil production method is. Furthermore, modern thermochemical treatment for solid wet organic waste disposal is examined and discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:33:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-417c753aa12a4ace9d4beebca6850beb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:33:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-417c753aa12a4ace9d4beebca6850beb2023-11-23T13:36:35ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-01-0115246510.3390/en15020465Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste ManagementGabriele Di Giacomo0Pietro Romano1Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and of Economics (DIIIE), Engineering Headquarters of Roio, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Industrial and Information Engineering and of Economics (DIIIE), Engineering Headquarters of Roio, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyThe production of olive oil involves the sustainable management of the waste produced along the entire production chain. This review examines the developments regarding cultivation techniques, production technologies, and waste management, highlighting the goals to be achieved and the most reasonable prospects. The results show that cultivation and production technology have evolved to an almost final solution to meet economic feasibility, keeping the oil’s high quality. Continuous horizontal decanters will coexist with traditional mills in many countries with old olive oil production and consumption traditions. High-quality products have conquered markets, especially in the wealthiest countries. At the same time, the exploitation of dried pomace by solvent extraction is increasingly an obsolete practice. However, waste management is still looking for one or a few reasonable solutions that meet modern society’s constraints. The enhancement of some experienced technologies and the full-scale application of emerging technologies and strategies should solve this problem in the short–medium term. A short discussion is reported on the possibility of unifying the nature and the quality of the waste, whatever the olive oil production method is. Furthermore, modern thermochemical treatment for solid wet organic waste disposal is examined and discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/2/465virgin olive oilpruningvegetation waterpomacepomace oildisposal of waste |
| spellingShingle | Gabriele Di Giacomo Pietro Romano Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management Energies virgin olive oil pruning vegetation water pomace pomace oil disposal of waste |
| title | Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management |
| title_full | Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management |
| title_short | Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management |
| title_sort | evolution of the olive oil industry along the entire production chain and related waste management |
| topic | virgin olive oil pruning vegetation water pomace pomace oil disposal of waste |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/2/465 |
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