An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination
An in situ formation of ionic liquid was used for preconcentration of four triazole fungicides in food samples. The microextraction method was used for the first time in the literature for preconcentration of triazole fungicides. In the developed method, tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide ([P<s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3416 |
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| author | Rawikan Kachangoon Jitlada Vichapong Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit Supalax Srijaranai |
| author_facet | Rawikan Kachangoon Jitlada Vichapong Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit Supalax Srijaranai |
| author_sort | Rawikan Kachangoon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An in situ formation of ionic liquid was used for preconcentration of four triazole fungicides in food samples. The microextraction method was used for the first time in the literature for preconcentration of triazole fungicides. In the developed method, tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide ([P<sub>44412</sub>]Br) and potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF<sub>6</sub>) were used for the formation of hydrophobic ionic liquid. After centrifugation, the fine microdroplets were produced in one step, providing the extraction step in a quick and environmentally friendly manner. The functional group of the hydrophobic ionic liquid was investigated using FT-IR. Various extraction parameters were studied and optimized. In the extraction method, 0.01 g of [P<sub>44412</sub>]Br and 0.01 g of KPF<sub>6</sub>, centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 10 min were used. The optimized technique provided a good linear range (90–1000 μg L<sup>−1</sup>) and high extraction recovery, with a low limit of detection (30–50 μg L<sup>−1</sup>). Methods for the proposed in situ formation of ionic liquid were successfully applied to honey, fruit juice, and egg matrices. The recoveries were obtained in a satisfactory range of 62–112%. The results confirmed the suitability of the proposed microextraction method for selective extraction and quantification of triazole fungicides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:04:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-417e5bd844ed4d14a5104089a3bd7624 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:04:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-417e5bd844ed4d14a5104089a3bd76242023-11-23T14:28:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-05-012711341610.3390/molecules27113416An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC DeterminationRawikan Kachangoon0Jitlada Vichapong1Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit2Supalax Srijaranai3Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, ThailandCreative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, ThailandDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen 40000, ThailandMaterials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandAn in situ formation of ionic liquid was used for preconcentration of four triazole fungicides in food samples. The microextraction method was used for the first time in the literature for preconcentration of triazole fungicides. In the developed method, tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide ([P<sub>44412</sub>]Br) and potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF<sub>6</sub>) were used for the formation of hydrophobic ionic liquid. After centrifugation, the fine microdroplets were produced in one step, providing the extraction step in a quick and environmentally friendly manner. The functional group of the hydrophobic ionic liquid was investigated using FT-IR. Various extraction parameters were studied and optimized. In the extraction method, 0.01 g of [P<sub>44412</sub>]Br and 0.01 g of KPF<sub>6</sub>, centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 10 min were used. The optimized technique provided a good linear range (90–1000 μg L<sup>−1</sup>) and high extraction recovery, with a low limit of detection (30–50 μg L<sup>−1</sup>). Methods for the proposed in situ formation of ionic liquid were successfully applied to honey, fruit juice, and egg matrices. The recoveries were obtained in a satisfactory range of 62–112%. The results confirmed the suitability of the proposed microextraction method for selective extraction and quantification of triazole fungicides.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3416ionic liquidin situ extractiontriazole fungicidesextractionHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Rawikan Kachangoon Jitlada Vichapong Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit Supalax Srijaranai An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination Molecules ionic liquid in situ extraction triazole fungicides extraction HPLC |
| title | An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination |
| title_full | An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination |
| title_fullStr | An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination |
| title_full_unstemmed | An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination |
| title_short | An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination |
| title_sort | in situ formation of ionic liquid for enrichment of triazole fungicides in food applications followed by hplc determination |
| topic | ionic liquid in situ extraction triazole fungicides extraction HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3416 |
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