The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i>
Growing pressure to reduce the environmental pesticide burden has the greatest impact on agriculture and crop protection. There is an enormous increase in the demand for research on new, effective, naturally based agents that do not pose an environmental risk. <i>Phytophthora infestans</i&g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/10/366 |
| _version_ | 1797514439874838528 |
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| author | Martin Žabka Roman Pavela |
| author_facet | Martin Žabka Roman Pavela |
| author_sort | Martin Žabka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Growing pressure to reduce the environmental pesticide burden has the greatest impact on agriculture and crop protection. There is an enormous increase in the demand for research on new, effective, naturally based agents that do not pose an environmental risk. <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> is one of the most destructive phytopathogens, especially in cases where synthetic fungicides are not allowed. This paper describes the high efficacy and safety of the natural polymer chitosan under in vitro and in vivo conditions and its dominance over other natural agents or products. Chitosan demonstrated the highest efficacy against <i>P. infestans</i>. A concentration of 0.2–0.4% was highly effective. The protective effect of chitosan was 99.3% in natural conditions. Direct activity, equivalent to synthetic fungicides (MIC50 0.293 mg/mL), was confirmed. Chitosan was rated non-toxic to useful non-target species. We promote further chitosan expansion within legislation and implementation of chitosan as a safe substance that could reduce the pesticide burden, particularly in eco-friendly plant protection and production of non-harmful foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:31:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-417eb6301138442bb935552801e68017 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-417eb6301138442bb935552801e680172023-11-22T18:27:11ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-10-0171036610.3390/horticulturae7100366The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i>Martin Žabka0Roman Pavela1Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 16106 Prague 6 Ruzyne, Czech RepublicCrop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 16106 Prague 6 Ruzyne, Czech RepublicGrowing pressure to reduce the environmental pesticide burden has the greatest impact on agriculture and crop protection. There is an enormous increase in the demand for research on new, effective, naturally based agents that do not pose an environmental risk. <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> is one of the most destructive phytopathogens, especially in cases where synthetic fungicides are not allowed. This paper describes the high efficacy and safety of the natural polymer chitosan under in vitro and in vivo conditions and its dominance over other natural agents or products. Chitosan demonstrated the highest efficacy against <i>P. infestans</i>. A concentration of 0.2–0.4% was highly effective. The protective effect of chitosan was 99.3% in natural conditions. Direct activity, equivalent to synthetic fungicides (MIC50 0.293 mg/mL), was confirmed. Chitosan was rated non-toxic to useful non-target species. We promote further chitosan expansion within legislation and implementation of chitosan as a safe substance that could reduce the pesticide burden, particularly in eco-friendly plant protection and production of non-harmful foods.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/10/366chitosannatural polymermanagementenvironmental safetyorganic farmingbasic substances |
| spellingShingle | Martin Žabka Roman Pavela The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i> Horticulturae chitosan natural polymer management environmental safety organic farming basic substances |
| title | The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i> |
| title_full | The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i> |
| title_short | The Dominance of Chitosan Hydrochloride over Modern Natural Agents or Basic Substances in Efficacy against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, and Its Safety for the Non-Target Model Species <i>Eisenia fetida</i> |
| title_sort | dominance of chitosan hydrochloride over modern natural agents or basic substances in efficacy against i phytophthora infestans i and its safety for the non target model species i eisenia fetida i |
| topic | chitosan natural polymer management environmental safety organic farming basic substances |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/10/366 |
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