Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies
To study the dynamic changes of nutrient consumption and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) accumulation in peanut kernels with fungal colonization, macro hyperspectral imaging technology combined with microscopic imaging was investigated. First, regression models to p...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4864 |
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| author | Haicheng Zhang Beibei Jia Yao Lu Seung-Chul Yoon Xinzhi Ni Hong Zhuang Xiaohuan Guo Wenxin Le Wei Wang |
| author_facet | Haicheng Zhang Beibei Jia Yao Lu Seung-Chul Yoon Xinzhi Ni Hong Zhuang Xiaohuan Guo Wenxin Le Wei Wang |
| author_sort | Haicheng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To study the dynamic changes of nutrient consumption and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) accumulation in peanut kernels with fungal colonization, macro hyperspectral imaging technology combined with microscopic imaging was investigated. First, regression models to predict AFB<sub>1</sub> contents from hyperspectral data ranging from 1000 to 2500 nm were developed and the results were compared before and after data normalization with Box-Cox transformation. The results indicated that the second-order derivative with a support vector regression (SVR) model using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) achieved the best performance, with R<sub>C</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.95 and R<sub>V</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.93. Second, time-lapse microscopic images and spectroscopic data were captured and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. The time-lapse data revealed the temporal patterns of nutrient loss and aflatoxin accumulation in peanut kernels. The combination of macro and micro imaging technologies proved to be an effective way to detect the interaction mechanism of toxigenic fungus infecting peanuts and to predict the accumulation of AFB<sub>1</sub> quantitatively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:34:47Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:34:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4184de320a2a4ab3af89e93a8d6e17712023-11-30T22:26:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-06-012213486410.3390/s22134864Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging TechnologiesHaicheng Zhang0Beibei Jia1Yao Lu2Seung-Chul Yoon3Xinzhi Ni4Hong Zhuang5Xiaohuan Guo6Wenxin Le7Wei Wang8Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimization Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Optimization Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaQuality & Safety Assessment Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USACrop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2747 Davis Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USAQuality & Safety Assessment Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USABeijing Key Laboratory of Optimization Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Optimization Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Optimization Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaTo study the dynamic changes of nutrient consumption and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) accumulation in peanut kernels with fungal colonization, macro hyperspectral imaging technology combined with microscopic imaging was investigated. First, regression models to predict AFB<sub>1</sub> contents from hyperspectral data ranging from 1000 to 2500 nm were developed and the results were compared before and after data normalization with Box-Cox transformation. The results indicated that the second-order derivative with a support vector regression (SVR) model using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) achieved the best performance, with R<sub>C</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.95 and R<sub>V</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.93. Second, time-lapse microscopic images and spectroscopic data were captured and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. The time-lapse data revealed the temporal patterns of nutrient loss and aflatoxin accumulation in peanut kernels. The combination of macro and micro imaging technologies proved to be an effective way to detect the interaction mechanism of toxigenic fungus infecting peanuts and to predict the accumulation of AFB<sub>1</sub> quantitatively.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4864aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> detectionhyperspectral imagingpeanutmicro methodsinteraction mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Haicheng Zhang Beibei Jia Yao Lu Seung-Chul Yoon Xinzhi Ni Hong Zhuang Xiaohuan Guo Wenxin Le Wei Wang Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies Sensors aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> detection hyperspectral imaging peanut micro methods interaction mechanism |
| title | Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies |
| title_full | Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies |
| title_short | Detection of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Single Peanut Kernels by Combining Hyperspectral and Microscopic Imaging Technologies |
| title_sort | detection of aflatoxin b sub 1 sub in single peanut kernels by combining hyperspectral and microscopic imaging technologies |
| topic | aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> detection hyperspectral imaging peanut micro methods interaction mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4864 |
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