Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan
In this study, two cruises were conducted across the mainstream of the Kuroshio off eastern Taiwan before and after the passage of Typhoon Saola in summer 2012. The continuous underway <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (i.e., partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>) measurements...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1326 |
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| author | Lan-Feng Fan Chun Hoe Chow Gwo-Ching Gong Wen-Chen Chou |
| author_facet | Lan-Feng Fan Chun Hoe Chow Gwo-Ching Gong Wen-Chen Chou |
| author_sort | Lan-Feng Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, two cruises were conducted across the mainstream of the Kuroshio off eastern Taiwan before and after the passage of Typhoon Saola in summer 2012. The continuous underway <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (i.e., partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>) measurements revealed that surface seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) displayed spatial variations in response to typhoon passage. The simulated results showed that the mixed-layer deepening after typhoon passage had a minor effect on SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variation because <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> decrease driven by temperature dropdown and enhanced biological production fueled by nutrients input was largely compensated by <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increase caused by salinity increase and dissolved inorganic carbon input from the subsurface layer. By contrast, the advection pattern showed significant change before and after the typhoon, which could play a major role in controlling the variation of SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. In the exit area of the cyclonic eddy, SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> decreased, while in the area of its arrival, SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increased. Besides, the discharge of freshwater and the intrusion of the South China Sea subsurface could result in SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increase in the nearshore area. The present study highlights that more advection changes need to be considered to better understand the impact of the typhoon on SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, especially in the strong current area, such as the Kuroshio. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:04Z |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-41859eddcc8f41c6a9888703f7ea9f1c2023-11-23T09:34:08ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-04-01149132610.3390/w14091326Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern TaiwanLan-Feng Fan0Chun Hoe Chow1Gwo-Ching Gong2Wen-Chen Chou3Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environment Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanInstitute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanInstitute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanIn this study, two cruises were conducted across the mainstream of the Kuroshio off eastern Taiwan before and after the passage of Typhoon Saola in summer 2012. The continuous underway <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (i.e., partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>) measurements revealed that surface seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) displayed spatial variations in response to typhoon passage. The simulated results showed that the mixed-layer deepening after typhoon passage had a minor effect on SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variation because <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> decrease driven by temperature dropdown and enhanced biological production fueled by nutrients input was largely compensated by <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increase caused by salinity increase and dissolved inorganic carbon input from the subsurface layer. By contrast, the advection pattern showed significant change before and after the typhoon, which could play a major role in controlling the variation of SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. In the exit area of the cyclonic eddy, SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> decreased, while in the area of its arrival, SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increased. Besides, the discharge of freshwater and the intrusion of the South China Sea subsurface could result in SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increase in the nearshore area. The present study highlights that more advection changes need to be considered to better understand the impact of the typhoon on SS <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, especially in the strong current area, such as the Kuroshio.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1326<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>typhoonKuroshiocyclonic eddy |
| spellingShingle | Lan-Feng Fan Chun Hoe Chow Gwo-Ching Gong Wen-Chen Chou Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan Water <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> typhoon Kuroshio cyclonic eddy |
| title | Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan |
| title_full | Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan |
| title_short | Surface Seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan |
| title_sort | surface seawater i p i co sub 2 sub variation after a typhoon passage in the kuroshio off eastern taiwan |
| topic | <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> typhoon Kuroshio cyclonic eddy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1326 |
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